chemical reactions and their impacts on water quality

Water

It is a transparent liquid which represents a medium at which many chemical compounds react which affects the water quality and the living organisms's health depending on that water

Water is necessary for the continuity of life on Earth

Where all living organisms’s cells have a membrane through which water passes:

From the environment to inside of the living cell carrying the substances required for producing energy

From inside the cell to outside to get rid of wastes

Aquatic systems in Egypt

Fresh water:

Nile River and fresh lakes

Salty water:

Red sea, Mediterranean sea,Suez gulf,Aqaba gulf and salty lakes

Water cycle (Hydrologic cycle)

It is a nearly closed system in which water moves continuously from one place to another through many different pathways where it gets changed among its three states

Water cycle in nature: Evaporation

Evaporation of water from water bodies which contributes to the formation of clouds and falling of rains and snow

Water cycle in nature: Biological process

Transpiration in plants

Respiration in plants and animals

Water cycle in nature:water infiltration process

Water leaks through the pores of soil and sedimentary rocks to form the groundwater

The volumetric percentage of oxygen

66.67%

The volumeetric percentage of hydrogen

33.33%

The mass percentage of hydrogen

11.11%

The mass percentage of oxygen

88.89%

Electronegativity

It is a measurement for the atom’s ability in the molecule to attract the electrons of the chemical bond towards itself

Hydrogen bond

A bond that arises among molecules containing hydrogen atom bound to another atom of higher electronegativity

NaCl with H2O

Cl negative+ Na positive

Hydration

It is a process in which the ions are surrounded by water molecules without breaking down the bonds , such as surrounding the Na+ and Cl+ with water molecules

Hydrolysis

It is the binding of ions with water by breaking down the bonds such as binding the NH⁴+ and HCO³- with water

pH value

It is a graduated measurement from 0 to 14 that expresses the acidity, alkalinity or neutrality of the solution

Acidic solution

The concentration of (H+) > the concentration of (OH-) and the pH is less than 7

Neutral solution

The concentration of (H+) = the concentration of (OH-) and the pH level equals 7

Basic solution

The concentration of (OH-) > the concentration of (H+) and the pH levels is greater than 7

Hydrogen bond is originated among water molecules

Due to the attraction between oxygen atom of water molecules with hydrogen atom of another molecule