PSY 350 4

civil commitment

the legal process of placing a person in a mental institution, even against their will

competency to stand trial

the ability of criminal defendants to understand the charges and proceeding brought against them and to participate in their own defense

criminal commitment

the legal process of confining a person found not guilty by reason of insanity in a mental institution

duty to warn

a therapists obligation to warn third parties of threats made against them by clients

insanity defense

a legal defense in which a defendant in a criminal case please not guilty on the basis of insanity

childhood-onset fluency disorder

persistent stuttering, which is characterized by impaired fluency of speech

communication disorders

a class of psychological disorders characterized by difficulties in understanding or using language

down syndrome

a conditioning caused by the presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair and characterized by intellectual developmental disorder and various physical anomalies

dyslexia

a learning disorder characterized by impaired reading ability

encopresis

lack of control over bowel movements that is not caused by an organic problem in a child who is at least 4 yrs old

enuresis

failure to control urination after one has reached the expected age for attaining such control

fragile x syndrome

an inherited form of intellectual developmental disorder caused by a mutated gene on the x chromosome

intellectual disability

a generalized delay or impairment in the development of intellectual and adaptive abilities

language disorder

a type of communication disorder characterized by difficulties understanding or using language

learning disorder

a deficiency in a specific learning ability in the context of normal intelligence and exposure to learning opportunities

neurodevelopment disorders

a category of mental disorders in the DSM-5 affecting children and adolescents and that involve impaired brain functioning or development

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

a genetic disorder that prevents the metabolization of phenylpyruvic acid, leading to intellectual developmental disorder unless the diet is strictly controlled

separation anxiety disorder

a childhood disorder characterized by extreme fear of separation from parents or other caretakers

social (pragmatic) communication disorder

a type of communication disorder characterized by difficulties communicating with others in social contexts

speech sound disorder

a type of communication disorder characterized by difficulties in articulating speech

antisocial personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by antisocial and irresponsible behavior and lack of remorse for misdeeds

avoidant personality disorder (APD)

a personality disorder characterized by avoidance of social relationship due to fear of rejection

borderline personality dosorder (BPD)

a personality disorder characterized by abrupt shifts in mood, lack of a coherent sense of self, and unpredictable, impulsive behavior

ego dystonic

referring to behaviors or feeling that are preceived to be alien to one's self-identity

ego syntonic

referring to behaviors or feeling that are perceived as natural parts of the self

dependent personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by difficulty making independent decisions and overly dependent behavior

histrionic personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by excessive need for attention, praise, reassurance, and approval

impulse-control disorder

psychological disorders characterized by failure to control impulses, temptations, or drives, resulting in harm to oneself or others

intermittent explosive disorder (IED)

a type of impulse-control disorder characterized by impulsive aggression

kleptomania

a type of impulse-control disorder characterized by compulsive stealing

narcissistic personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by an inflated self-image and extreme needs for attention and admiration

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by rigid ways of relating to others, perfectionistic tendencies, lack of spontaneity, and excessive attention to detail

paranoid personality disorders

a personality disorder characterized by undue suspiciousness of others' motives, but not to the point of delusion

personality disorders

excessively rigid behavior patterns, or ways of relating to others, that ultimately become self-defeating

pyromania

a type of impulse-control disorder characterized by compulsive fire setting

schizoid personality disorder

a personality disorder characterized by persistent lack of interest in social relationships, flattened affect, and social withdrawal

schizotypal personality disorder (SPD)

a personality disorder characterized by lack of close personal relationships and eccentricities of thought and behavior but without clearly psychotic features

brief psychotic disorder

a psychotic disorder lasting from a day to a month that may follow exposure to major stressor

catatonia

gross disturbances in motor activity and cognitive functioning, as in a catatonic state or stupor

delusional disorder

a type of psychosis characterized by persistent delusions, often of a paranoid nature, that do not have the bizarre quality of the type found in paranoid scz

delusions

firmly held, but inaccurate beliefs that persist despite evidence that they have no basis in reality

dopamine hypothesis

the prediction that scz involves overactivity of dopamine transmission in the brain

endophenotypes

measurable processes or mechanisms not apparent to the naked eye that explain how an organism's genetic code influences its observable characteristics or phenotypes

erotomania

a delusional disorder characterized by the belief that one is loved by someone of high social status

hallucinations

perceptions occurring in the absence of external stimuli that become confused with reality

negative symptoms

behavioral deficiencies associated with scz, such as social skills deficits, social withdrawal, flattened affect, poverty of speech and thought, psychomotor retardation, and failure to experience pleasure

positive symptoms

flagrant sx of scz such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and thought disorder

prodromal phase

in scz, the period of decline in functioning that precedes the first acute psychotic episode

residual phase

in scz, the phase that follows an acute phase, characterized by a return to the level of functioning of the prodromal phase

schizoaffective disorder

a type of psychotic disorder in which individuals experience both severe mood disturbance and features associated with scz

schizophreniform disorder

a personality disorder characterized by persistent lack of interest in social relationships, flattened affect, and social withdrawal

tardive dyskinesia

a disorder characterized by involuntary movements of the face, mouth, neck, trunk, or extremities caused by long-term use of antipsychotic medication

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by maintenance of abnormally low body weight, a distorted body image, and intense fears of gaining weight

binge-eating disorder (BED)

an eating disorder characterized by recurrent eating binges without subsequent purging

body mass index (BMI)

a standard measure that takes both body weight and height into account

breathing-related sleep disorders

sleep disorders in which sleep is repeatedly disrupted by difficulty breathing normally

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by sen-induced purging, accompanied by over concern with body weight and shape

cataplexy

a physical condition triggered by a strong emotional reaction that involves loss of muscle tone and voluntary muscle control, which may result in a person slumping or collapsing to the floor

circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders

sleep-wake disorders characterized by a mismatch between the body's normal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment

eating disorders

psychological disorders characterized by disturbed patterns of eating and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight

hypersomnolence disorder

persistent patter of excessive sleepiness during the day

hypnagogic hallucination

hallucinations occurring at the threshold or between wakefulness and sleep onset or shortly upon awakening

insomnia

difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep

insomnia disorder

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by chronic insomnia not caused by another psychological or physical disorder or by the effect of drug or medication

narcolepsy

a sleep disorder characterized by sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep

nightmare disorder

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by recurrent awakening due to frightening nightmares

obesity

a condition of excess body fat, generally defined by a BMI of 30 or higher

obstructive sleep apnea syndrome

a subtype of breathing related sleep disorders. it typically involves repeated episodes during sleep of snorting or gasping for breath, pauses of breath, or abnormally shallow breathing

parasomnias

sleep-wake disorders involving abnormal behavior patterns associated with partial or incomplete arousals

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by vocalizing parts of a dream or thrashing about during a dream

sleep paralysis

a temporary state of muscle paralysis upon awakening

sleep terrors

a sleep-wake disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of terror-induced arousals during sleep

sleep-wake disorders

persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause distress or impaired functioning

sleepwalking

a sleep-wake disorder involving repeated episodes of sleepwalking

bipolar disorder

a psychological disorder characterized by mood swings between states of extreme elation and depression

cognitive-specificity hypothesis

the belief that different emotional disorders are linked to particular kinds of automatic thoughts

cognitive triad of depression

the view that depression derives from adopting negative views of oneself, the environment/world at large, and the future

cyclothymic disorder

a mood disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of less severe mood swing than are found in bipolar disorder, begins as teen/young adult

double depression

concurrent major depressive disorder and dysthymia

hypomania

a relatively mild state of mania that lacks the social and occupational ramifications of mania

learned helplessness

a behavior pattern characterized by passivity and perception of lack of control

major depressive disorder

a severe mood disorder characterized by major depressive episodes

mania

a state of unusual elation, energy, and activity

manic episode

a period of unrealistically heighted euphoria, extreme restlessness, and excessive activity characterized by disorganized behavior and impaired judgment

mood disorders

psychological disorders characterized by unusually severe or prolonged disturbances of mood

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

a chronic type of depressive disorder

postpartum depression (PPD)

persistent and severe mood changed that occur after childbirth

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

a psychological disorder characterized by significant changed in mood during a woman's premenstrual period

personality

a unique and long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that tends to be consistent across situations

PD cluster a

paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal

PD cluster b

antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic

PD cluster c

avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive

levels of ID severity

mild, moderate, severe, profound

ID assessment domains

social, conceptual/academic, practical

Least Restrictive Environment

the setting that is most similar to that of children without ID's that still meets their needs and requirements. Often relating to special education students

psychotic do sx

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, abnormal motor behavior, neg sx (absence of expected normal behavior/reaction/affect)

blocking

lacking the words to express thoughts, psychotic sx

neologisms

made up words to express feelings, psychotic sx

poverty of speech (alogia)

not talking often about thoughts, psychotic sx

preseveration

the repetition of ideas, often in speech, psychotic sx