9 Chromosomes

What’s a centromere?

specialized DNA sequence of chromosomes that links a pair of sister chromatids. The point of attachment of microtubules during cell division.

Prokaryotic Vs Eukaryotic chromosomes

prokaryotic: one type of chromosome, one double-stranded DNA, plasmids, binary fission

Eukaryotic: many types of chromosomes arranged in pairs. (Ch. 1, Ch.2), several double-stranded DNA molecules

Single chromosomes vs. Sister chromatids 

a single chromosome has one microtubule on each side. Sister chromatids will have 2 microtubules on each side.

Sister chromatids vs. homologous chromosomes

sister chromatids are identical to each other. homologous chromosomes are similar to each other-different colors. 

Explain human chromosomes

2 sets of chromosomes, 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a set, 46 total chromosomes

Diploid vs Haploid

Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes in cells

Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes in cells

Are somatic cells diploid or haploid?

diploid

How does DNA condense in chromosomes? Why?

DNA wraps around histone proteins. It protects DNA from damage and prevents tangling within the cell. 

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic chromosomes

prokaryotic: is in the form of a loop or circle 

eukaryotic: is found in pairs