Apush unit 3

Suffrage 1800- 1830

Most state are transferring from the requirement of property to universal (white male) suffrage

Immigration

More and more people immigrate to America from 1820-1860

The industrial Revolution in America

From 1810 - 1840 the textile and IR brings economic opportunity as more states are created in the east America migrating to the west.

Travel

By 1860 the travel time is 5 times faster than it was in 1800. This creates more economic opportunity and prosperity. People get to get to places faster

Washington Presidency 1789-1797

Creates the Cabinet
Helps America be neutral in French Revolution (Proclamation of Neutrality 1793)
Steps down after two terms

Alexander Hamilton

Author of Federalist papers
Washington Secretary of Treasury (Cabinet)
Key Federalist wanted a powerful national government and powerful executive
Wanted a National Bank

Who agrees with Hamilton's views?

Industry
Banking
Business
Merchants
Aristocracy
Wealthy
New England
Good for the economy and the rich

Thomas Jefferson

Washington's Secretary of State
Opposed to Hamilton's ideas
Madison founded the Democratic- Republicans to oppose the Federalists

Who agrees with Jefferson's views?

Farmers
States' rights advocates
The south
Back country
Recent immigrants
Government that supports agriculture

Hamilton vs. Jefferson

Agriculture (Jefferson) vs Industry (Hamilton)
State Power vs Federal Power
Interpreting the Constitution`

Hamiltonian Vision

Strong federal government
A nation of industry and agriculture (focus on industry)
Goal: Stable and self- Sufficient nation supported by the economy

Jefferson Vision

Limited federal government power (STATE POWER)
Industrial society could not sustain an economy (Agriculture focused)
Agrarian economy

Loose interpretation

Supported by Hamilton
Focus on what is permitted rather than restricted
Elastic clause: States can pass laws necessary and proper

Strict interpretation

Supported by Jefferson
Focus on what is restricted rather than permitted

Hamilton's Financial Plan

1. Create Good National Credit (war debt)
Replace old continental bonds with new federal bonds (high interest)
Assumption of state debts replace state bonds with federal bonds
2. Create a national bank
A national bank would facilitate bond swaps and provide loans to entrepreneurs (very controversial)
3. Taxes to fund the interest
Tax on whiskey
Tariffs (not protective)

Whiskey Rebellion

Whiskey duties lowered demand for whiskey
Distillers in Penn. Revolted attacking the tax men
Rebellion put down by G man himself

Defense Spending

Hamyton: Strong navy to protect Americans
Tommy: No military build up (fear of dictatorship)

Foreign Division

Hami: very pro British
Jeff: Pro French
US stays neutral, gets rich selling to both sides

Alien and Sedition Acts

Changes citizenship from 5 to 14 years
Allows government to detain aliens if reasonable doubt or anything
Violates freedom of speech (cant talk shit about the president)

Constitutional Crisis

Jefferson opposes acts claiming they violate 1 & 10
Can not fix constitutional problem
First major conflict over state's rights

Jay's Treaty (1795)

British seizing merchant ships bound for France. Turning American sailors into British sailors unwillingly
Result:
Payment of all prewar debts to Britain
British stop meddling in the NW territory
No settlement of impressment issue
Said America is still neutral

GW Farewell Adress

Do not get involved in European affairs or form permanent alliances
Do not form political parties

John Adams (elected 1796)

XYZ affair gives Adams excuse to have more pro British policies
Feds in Congress raise navy
Quasi War

Doctrine of Nullification

States can nullify laws they deem unconstitutional
Supported by Jefferson & Madison

Convention of 1800

Adams ensures peace with France and causes him to lose the election

Inside the mind of G money

Strong federal government & Hamilton financial plan
Trade was central to stability
Against parties and division
Supporter of Neutrality

Marshall Court

Rulings by John Marshall that change three principles about the supreme court
1. Increase power of the federal government over the states
2. Increase the power of the judiciary at the expense of other branches
3. Strengthen business in America by affirming contracts

Embargo Act 1807

Laws passed by congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States

Louisiana Territory

Bought Louisiana territory even if it was unconstitutional
Granted the United States control of MS river/ New Orleans

War of 1812

James Madison is a Democratic-Republican leader
Enters the presidency in 1809 with a significant foreign conflict (Napoleon)
Causes: Impressment, British riling Natives in NW territory, Desire for Canada
Events: US not prepared, British occupied with Napoleon, US victory in New Orleans
Goal: Crush NA/Brit alliance and capture Canada
Effects: Treaty of Ghent, Rise in industry, Jackson becoming famous, End of the Federalist party

Migration to the West

Nationalism
Economic opportunity in the west (land)
Improved Transportation made it easier for people to travel West

Effects of Nationalism

Different language, art,and literature, as well as Manifest destiny (move west)
Rise of Democratic Society-
Equality reigns, division between classes are blurred

Monroe Doctrine

Tells Europe to stay out of Western Hemisphere

Clay's Proposal (Missouri Compromise)

Missouri admitted a a slave holding state
Maine admitted as free
Rest of Louisiana territory prohibited slavery
Preserves sectional balance for 30 years (slavery no slavery)

Election of 1824

Last of "elite" presidents John Adams Against a more regular Andrew Jackson
Jackson wins by a "landslide" if you will

Second Party System

Jacksonian Democrats vs Whigs
Caused by opposition to Jackson
Disagreed on topics:
Strong federal gov
Bank
Tariffs
Clay's "American System"

Market Revolution

Change in where goods were able to be bought and sold - opens up markets around the country
Makes US economy:
Connected
Specialized
Bigger

Causes of Market Revolution

Higher Birth rate
More immigrants
Advanced technology for travel (Steam engine, trains)
More people looking for opportunity

Assembly Line

Interchangeable parts allowed for assembly line and mass production

Factories

Elements of production under one roof
More productive
Powered by water then steam engines later on

Corporations

Easier to make a corporation
People put their money together to make canals, roads, and factories

Government Policy

Protect US from European competition
Laws passed to protect contracts to motivate entrepreneurs
Tariff of 1816: First protective tax on foreign goods so people are encouraged to buy American goods

Regional Specialization

Northeast: Industry with immigrants and farmers unable to compete
Midwest: Food and used new technologies over slavery (farmers)
South: Cotton, use of slavery, social stratification

Classes

Urban Poor: unpredictable jobs with alcohol addiction and dirty workplace
Middle Class: Doctors, lawyers, managers that bought factory goods and got material comfort (CAPITALISM!!!)

Labor Unions

Poor working conditions
Unions became legal in 1842
Mostly unsuccessful due to workers being replaced by immigrants willing to work for less.

Women in factories

Poor women worked in dangerous factories
Lowell system hired teenage girls who experienced new freedom

Cult of domesticity

Women go from working alongside men on a farm to being only in the home
Women got respect for creating a happy home

Urbanization consequences

Pollution
Crime
Poverty
Substance Abuse

Women movements

Breaking from the Cult of Domesticity
Spreading of women's moral influence from inside the home and to society as a whole
2nd Great Awakening heavily impacting women

Goals of Women's movements

Social institutions
Public Education
Temperance movement abolitionist
Suffrage movements 1848

Abolitionist & Women

Angelina and Sara Grimke claim equal civil rights for women
Harriet Stowe & Uncle's Tom's Cabin
Degradation of slave women

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott organized a gathering
Goal: Outline a coherent statement of women's equality
Declaration of Sentiments

Transcendentalism

Goal: Know yourself, experience harmony in nature
Must overcome: reason, conformity, evils of society
Bring humanity to higher state

American Literature

Nationalistic Americans to read works of American authors about American themes
1. Washington Irving
2. James Fenimore Cooper
3. Nathaniel Hawthorne

American Art

Portrayed the everyday life of ordinary Americans: voting, domestic chores, riding the riverboat, etc.
2. Heroic beauty of the American landscape

Abolistion movement Causes

Second Great awakening
Morals

Free soil movement

No slavery
Increasing number of abolitionists

Radical Abolistionists

Gains momuentum
Immediate emmancipation
Morals
Underground railroad
Appeal to public opinion

Northern Response

Abolition was too radical
Wanted a compromise no immediate emmancipation

Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

If you find an esacaped slave you can not help then and must return them

Names

William Garrison:
Anti slavery society
Fredrick Douglass:
The North Star

The South

No abolitionist movement
No anti slavery propaganda
Tight slave codes
Turner Rebellion

Kansas Nebraska Act