SURG101B M1

Surgery

Branch of medical science which deals with the treatment of injuries, deformities or diseases condition by manipulation or operations with the hand.

Chirurgia

The term surgery is derived from what Greek word ?

Hand

The term surgery is derived from the Greek word  - Chirurgia.

(Cheir means ___)

Work

The term surgery is derived from the Greek word  - Chirurgia.

(Ergon means ___)

Veterinary surgery

It is the surgery which is practiced on animals.

Nature of surgery, Region or system involved and Instruments or appliances used

Enumerate the 3 classification of surgery

Aseptic surgery

A surgery which is conducted in absolute asepsis (free of bacterial contamination)

Antiseptic surgery

A surgery conducted with the use of antiseptic agents to control bacterial contamination.

Conservative surgery

A surgery wherein attempt is made to preserve or restore a disabled part, rather than its removal

Correction and immobilization of a fracture in a limb rather than amputation of the limb

Give example of conservative surgery

Radical surgery

A surgery that involves gross removal of a diseased organ from the body for therapeutic purposes

Radical surgery of neoplasm

Enumerate example of Radical surgery

When the duration of surgery is expected to be more than 30 to 45 minutes and patient has a graded physical status 4 or 5.

When will be a surgical procedure considered a major surgery?

Replacement surgery

A surgery where there is replacement of diseased part by a living tissue (vascular graft), non-living material (heart valve) or dead tissue (corneal or bone graft).

Vascular graft, Heart value, Corneal or bone graft

Examples of Replacement surgery

Physiological surgery

A surgery where there is an alterations in the normal physiological mechanisms for the benefit of the whole body

Vascular shunts

Examples of Physiological surgery 

Experimental surgery

A surgery which is done solely for the purpose of experiments

Caesarean section and thoracic surgery

Examples of Experimental surgery

When the duration of surgery is expected to be not more than 30-45 minutes and patient has graded physical status 1, 2 or 3.

When will be a surgical procedure considered a minor surgery? 

Wound dressing, Opening of the superficial abscess, Superficial neurectomies and tenotomies

Examples of Minor surgery

Emergency surgery

A surgery which is to be performed urgently to avoid further complication of the disease process

Elective surgery

A surgery which can be postponed without endangering the life of the patient

Cosmetic surgery

A surgery done to improve the appearance of an animal

Trimming of the ears, Docking of the tail and Removal of supernumerary teats

Examples of Cosmetic surgery

Plastic surgery

It is done on aesthetic grounds or to restore disturbed function

Reconstructive surgery and Cosmetic surgery

Enumerate the sub types of Plastic surgery

Reconstructive surgery

A subtype of plastic surgery where the structure is reconstituted

Repair of rectovaginal fistula, Surgery of the cleft palate

Examples of Reconstructive surgery

Cosmestic surgery

A subtype of plastic surgery where it is performed  when a surgical procedure is used on an otherwise normal organ.

Exploratory surgery

A surgery for confirmation of diagnosis

Thoracic surgery, Orthopedic surgery, Cardiovascular surgery, Ophthalmic surgery, Neurosurgery, Urogenital surgery and Head and neck surgery

Enumerate the Region/system involved which is a classification of surgery 

Common surgical equipments for cutting and dissecting, Grasping or holding instruments

Uses of General surgery instruments

Repair or reconstruct microscopic  nerves or blood vessels, Reattach amputated body part and Rebuild tissue underwent trauma

Uses of of microsurgery instruments

Freeze off and removes warts, Freeze off to destroys abnormal tissue such as tumors, and primary use to destroy early prostate cancer

Uses of Cryosurgery

Stops bleeding, Cutting tissue, Use for appendectomy and hernia repairs

Uses of Electrosurgery

Uses for cataract removal in the eyes, warts/mole removal and removal of scars

Uses of lazer surgery

Dissection and coagulation of soft tissues, Kidney stone removal and Ovarian cyst removal

Uses of Ultrasonic surgery

Gallbladder stone removal , Gastric bypass and Appendectomy

Uses of Fluoroscopic/endoscope surgery

Gentle tissue handling, Accurate hemostasis, Preservation of adequate blood supply, Strict asepsis, No tension on tissues, Careful approximation of tissues, Obliteration of dead space and Minimum use of suture material

Enumerate atleast 3 HALSTED’S PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY

Thorax

What organ/structure from Thoracotomy is cut/incised?

Sternum

What organ/structure from Sternotomy is cut/incised?

Thorax between two ribs

What organ/structure from intercostal thoracotomy is cut/incised?

Stomach

What organ/structure from Gastrotomy is cut/incised?

Gastric biopsy or removal of foreign bodies

Uses of Gastrotomy

Urinary bladder

What organ/structure from Cystotomy is cut/incised?

Urinary stones

Uses of Cystotomy

Abdominal wall

What structure from Celiotomy is cut/incised?

Flank

What structure from Laparotomy is cut/incised?

Gastrotomy, Cystotomy, Celiotomy, Laparotomy

Enumerate surgical procedure that ends with -otomy

Structure is cut

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -otomy

Portion of tissue is removed or resected

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -ectomy

Ovaries and uterus 

What organ/structure is removed or resected from Ovariohysterectomy

Head and neck of the femur

What organ/structure is removed or resected from Femoral head and neck ostectomy (FHO)

Ovariohysterectomy, Femoral head and neck ostectomy

Enumerate surgical procedure that ends with -ectomy

Alteration/replace is performed to an organ or body structure

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -plasty

Hip joint

What organ/structure is replaced from A total hip arthroplasty

Lips

What organ/structure is replaced from a cheiloplasty

Shape of the vulva

What organ/structure is replaced from a Vulvoplasty

Hip arthroplasty, Cheiloplasty and Vulvoplasty

Enumerate surgical procedure that ends with -plasty

Permanent or temporary adhesion is created between two structures

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -pexy

Stomach is affixed to the abdominal wall

What organ/structure is affixed from Gastropexy

Visualize organ/structures

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -oscopy

Abdominal organs

What organ/structure is visualized from Laparoscopy 

Sutured or repaired organ/structure

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -rrhapy

Hernia

What organ/structure is surgically repaired from Herniorrhaphy

Cavity or structure is punctured

What is the meaning of a suffix pertaining to -centesis

Abdominal cavity

What cavity/organ/structure is punctured from Abdominoscentesis

Thoracic cavity

What cavity/organ/structure is punctured from Thoracocenteris

Abdominoscentesis and Thoracocenteris

Enumerate surgical procedure that ends with -centesis

Normal saline solution, D5W, Ringer’s solution, LR5D

Example of Isotonic fluid

0.45% NaCl, D2.5W, 0.33%NaCl, 0.225% NaCl

Example of Hypotonic fluid

Hypertonic NaCl, D10W,D20W and D50W

Example of Hypertonic fluid

Lidocaine, Procaine, Tetracaine

Example of Local Anesthetics

Testes

What organ removed from Orchiectomy

External Abdominal Oblique, Internal Abdominal Oblique, and Transversus Abdominis

Muscles of the Abdomen

Epidermis (outer layer), Dermis (middle layer), and Hypodermis (innermost, fatty layer

Layers of the skin

Semimembranosus, semitendinosus, middle gluteal

Hamstring IM injection site