WHAP FInal

Collapse of Ottoman Empire

After siding with Germany, they lost their land

Bolsheviks

Russian Communist party

Sun Yat-Sen

Leader of the Kuomintang Party; helps overthrow the Qing Dynasty

Armenians in the Ottoman Empire

blamed for economic problems, eventually led to genocide

Mustafa Kemal

aka “Ataturk” – first President of Turkey

Problems for Mexico under Porfirio Diaz

land distribution unequal, foreign companies owned most of Mexico’s wealth

Mexican Revolution leaders

Francisco Madero, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata

Direct cause of World War I

assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Buildup of military capabilities

England and Germany

Triple Alliance

Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Two multicultural European states dealing with nationalist movements

Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire

Germany blamed for World War I at the Treaty of Versailles

True

End of monarchical rule throughout most of Europe

Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary

New military tech in World War I

Mustard gas, Machine guns, airplanes, tanks, submarines

Trench warfare

warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire

U.S. entry into World War I

U-boat attacks, economic ties to Britain, Zimmerman telegram

Total war

government control of the economy; government takeover of certain industries, food rationing, propaganda, price and wage controls

Uses of propaganda

recruitment, give false information about the war, create hate against the enemy

Paris Peace Conference

Italy leaves due to getting no land, Clemenceau (France) wants Germany to pay for France’s pain

Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Self-determination, League of Nations, decolonization

The Treaty of Versailles

Germany loses its colonies, shrink its army size, pay money to France and Britain

Growth of far-right political groups in reaction to the Great Depression

Germany, Italy, Japan

Causes of the Great Depression

Agricultural overproduction & the U.S. stock market crash

John Maynard Keynes

governments should spend money during a depression

Tariffs in reaction to the Great Depression

makes the Depression worse

Spanish Civil War

battleground between democracy and fascism

Hopes for decolonization

many colonial states hoped for independence after fighting in WW1

Self-Determination

Eastern Europe only

The Middle East colonized under

Mandate System

Balfour Declaration

Jews should have a homeland in Palestine

Two-state solution

creation of India and Pakistan by Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Hitler’s beliefs about ethnicity

Anti-Semitism, Scientific racism, the idea of the pure “Aryan” race

Nuremberg Laws

End of Jewish citizenship, banned intermarriage between Jews and Christians, pushed Jews out of German society

Kristallnacht

terrorism of Jewish business owners in Germany

Munich Agreement

appeasement of Hitler; allowed to annex Sudetenland

Anschluss

German unification with Austria

Armenian genocide by

the Ottoman Empire

Groups targeted by the Germans

Jews, Slavs, Roma (migrants)

Rape of Nanking

Japanese soldiers killing thousands of Chinese people in the city

Effects of firebombing

destruction of civilian populations 

Hutu hatred of Tutsis

worked with Belgian imperial leaders

Indian National Congress & Gandhi

civil disobedience against Britain

Ghana

first independent sub-Sahara African country

Algeria

France wanted to maintain control since so many French people lived there

Vietnam

Viet Cong supported communists in South Vietnam; fought war for independence after WW2 against France

Nasser’s policies in Egypt

Nationalization of businesses & Suez Canal, created farming communes

Suez Crisis

after Nasser nationalized the Canal, Israel, France, and Britain invade

Eastern Europe after World War II

forced into communism by Stalin

Countries that were hard hit by World War II

Germany, France, Soviet Union, Great Britain

Traits of the Cold War

arms race, propaganda, secret agent operations

Military-industrial complex

Eisenhower warned about the increasing power of companies that produce military goods

Why the League of Nations failed

had no support from major powers and couldn’t stop wars

Iron Curtain

metaphor for the partition between Communism and Capitalism

Truman Doctrine

American policy of containment;  promised to protect Greece and Turkey

COMECON

Soviet funding program to rival the Marshall Plan

Marshall Plan

American plan to rebuild Western Europe; financed by the United States

Berlin Airlift

NATO countries airdropped supplies into west berlin to get them food

Berlin Wall

built between East and West Berlin to prevent East Berliners from moving into West Berlin

Warsaw Pact

Communist bloc alliance

Lyndon Johnson in Vietnam

sent more soldiers in to prevent the spread of Communism

Fidel Castro

nationalized foreign-owned companies when he took control of Cuba

Bay of Pigs invasion

failed CIA attempt to begin a revolution in Cuba; led to closer relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union

Cuban Missile Crisis

JFK and Khrushchev decided to remove missiles from Cuba and Turkey after almost coming to nuclear war

Great Leap Forward

attempted communalization of Chinese farms; led to millions of dead due to famine

Mohammad Mossadegh

leader of Iran, was overthrown for wanting to nationalize the oil industry and possibly becoming a Soviet ally

White Revolution

Women given more rights (vote), land was redistributed, social welfare systems were created

Iranaian Revolution

Reza Pahlavi replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini & a Theocracy

Traits of poverty that leads to diseases

poor working conditions, poor housing, contaminated water

Cholera

spread via contaminated water; prevent dying by drinking water

Polio

eradicated due to vaccinations

World War I Flu (aka Spanish Flu)

Worst epidemic in human history\*

Ebola

spread prevented due to World Health Organization containing the epidemic

South Asian female leaders

Indira Gandhi (India), Benazir Bhutto (Pakistan), Srimavo Bandaranaike (Sri Lanka)

Filipinos migrate

to the United States

Camp David Accords

Jimmy Carter brokered peace between Egypt and Israel

Nonviolent leaders

MLK, Gandhi, Mandela

Events during MLK’s Civil Rights Movement

Bus boycotts, *Brown v. Board of Education*, March on Washington

Apartheid

South Africa

1968 protests

done mostly by college students

U.S. protests in the 1960s were mostly against

the Vietnam War

Northern Ireland

Catholics v. Protestants

Social media’s impact

on the Arab Spring revolutions

Green Revolution

crossbreeding, higher yield crops, genetic engineering; hurt small landowners (had to sell land)

Fossil fuels

oil, coal, natural gas

Antibiotics

can lead to the creation of antibiotic-resistant bacterias

Eradication of diseases

Smallpox, Measles, Polio

Diseases associated with poverty

malaria, tuberculosis, cholera

Self-determination

the idea that peoples of the same ethnicity, language, culture and political ideals should be united and should have the right to form an independent nation-state.

Kwame Nkrumah

Ghanaian politician

Jomo Kenyatta

Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964 and then as its first President from 1964 to his death in 1978

Ho Chi Ming

Northern Vietnam, communist

Ngo Dinh Diem

Southern Vietnam, democratic

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China

Mikhail Gorbachev

Perestroika, Glasnost(political reform communist party), president of Russia

OPEC

oil exporting companies

Americanization

Americanization or Americanization is the influence of American culture and business on other countries outside the United States of America, including their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology or political techniques.

One-Child Policy

The term one-child policy refers to a population planning initiative in China implemented between 1979 and 2015 to curb the country's population growth by restricting many families to a single child.