Exam 4 Slide Questions

Which process (that you learned
in BIO2) would explain the transformation of type R into type S?

Live type R are picking up type S DNA from the environment and incorporating those genes into their own genomes.

Given that bacteria reproduce asexually (i.e, clonally) through binary fission, what is the adaptive benefit of HGT processes?

HGT increases genetic diversity, allowing bacterial populations to evolve rapidly in response to environmental conditions.

Would this molecule be used by DNA or RNA polymerase

RNA polymerase because its an NTP

You analyze a molecule of DNA and find it is 20% thymine. What percent guanine is it?

30%

A=T

20+20=40

100-40=60/2 = 30%

Which sequence is complementary to
the sequence 5’–CATGATTAG–3’

5’ – CTAATCATG – 3’

Which of the following DNA sequences would form the double helix with the HIGHEST melting temp? Why?

CGCGCGGGTAGC

What is the name of the origin of replication in E. coli?

oriC

What feature of the otic region allows strand separation to begin most easily

AT-rich regions

Which protein binds to DNA-A boxes and initiates replication at Orin

DNA-A

During elongation, which enzyme synthesizes most of the new DNA strands

DNA polymerase 3

Which enzyme relieves positive supercoiling ahead of the replication fork

Topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

Which protein prevents the separated DNA strands from reannealing during replication

Single-strand binding proteins

What is the function of DNA ligase

Joins Okazaki fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds

Which if the following is unique to eukaryotic DNA replication compared to bacteria

Multiple origins of replication

In eukaryotic cells, which enzyme removes RNA primes during lagging strand synthesis

Flap endonuclease

What is the fundamental reason linear chromosomes face the end-replication problems

DNA polymerase require a primer and cannot fill the 5’ end gap

Which enzyme extends the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes to prevent shortening

Telomerase

Which structure forms when homologous chromosomes exchange strands during recombination

Holliday Junction