USHIS 2nd Semester Midterm/Final study

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150 Terms

1

pick correct chronological order

Completion of Grand Coulee Dam; Wagner Act passed; CCC established

"Court packing" controversy; Social Security Act passed; NIRA established

Hoover Dam completed; PWA established; Stock market crash

Stock market crash; Bonus Expeditionary Force protests; Social Security Act passed

Stock market crash; Bonus Expeditionary Force protests; Social Security Act passed

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2

Which of the following occurred during the presidential term of Herbert Hoover?

America provided aid to Belgium, a nation still suffering from the damages inflicted during World War One

The United States passed the Fordney-McCumber Tariff to protect American-produced goods

The Civilian Conservation Corps was created

The Farmer's Holiday Association formed and fought back against farm foreclosures

Farmer Holiday

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3

Father Charles Coughlin believed that FDR's New Deal did not go far enough in terms of social justice, and advocated for government nationalization of the country's banks. By profession, Coughlin was:

The former governor of Louisiana

A farmer turned local politician from upstate New York

A Roman Catholic priest

A former commerce secretary who had overseen food aid to Europe during World War One

Roman Catholic Priest

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4

What was the general ideological platform of the American Liberty League?

To investigate suspected political radicals who might be conspiring to overthrow the American government

To protest against what they believed to be government overreach of the New Deal, and push for less regulation of business by the federal government

To ensure that all New Deal programs were being effectively managed and that no public money was being wasted in their implementation

To fight for equal rights for workers of all races and ethnicities

To protest against what they believed to be government overreach of the New Deal, and push for less regulation of business by the federal government

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5

Which of the following was a term used to refer to many of the Dust Bowl migrants who migrated west after the dust storms ruined their farms?

Hoovervilles

Okies

Sharecroppers

Alphabet Soups

Okies

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6

Which of the following was NOT a major endeavor under New Deal relief programs like the TVA, PWA, WPA, and CCC?

Taking measures against soil erosion

Harnessing the power of water sources

Harvesting specific cash crops for export

Reforesting national parks

Harvesting specific cash crops for export

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7

While "classical" economic liberals favored a more laissez-faire approach to government-business relations, New Deal economic liberals believed that:

The government should take control of all major industries in the nation

Members of the labor movement would eventually oust the business class, and seize control of national industries through worker-controlled cooperatives

Individual states needed regulate business operations, but the federal government should not play a role in economic regulation

The government should regulate the economy to a reasonable extent and provide a social safety net for citizens

The government should regulate the economy to a reasonable extent and provide a social safety net for citizens

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8

Which demographic group reaped the LEAST benefits overall from New Deal relief programs?

Young women

Asian-Americans

Land-owning farmers

Industrial workers

Asian-Americans

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9

All of the following were prominent African-American figures during the 1930s EXCEPT:

Mary McLeod Bethune

Richard Wright

Zora Neale Hurston

John Collier

John Collier

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10

Which pairing correctly matches the historical personality to his or her background description?

Mary McLeod Bethune: first female cabinet member ever who served as FDR's Secretary of Labor

Frances Perkins: African-American activist who worked alongside Eleanor Roosevelt to help African-Americans access New Deal relief programs

Harold Ickes: head of the American Liberty League who frequently butted heads with FDR

Harry Hopkins: former New York social worker and head of the WPA

Harry Hopkins: former New York social worker and head of the WPA

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11

Which of the following was NOT ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935?

National Industrial Recovery Act

Frazier-Lemke Act

Agricultural Adjustment Act

Social Security Act

Social Security Act

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12

Which of the following developments predated the New Deal infrastructure projects?

Grand Coulee Dam

Hoover Dam

Tennessee Valley Authority

Pacific Crest Trail

Hoover Dam

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13

Which of the following groups of people would have been the LEAST likely to support FDR's presidency?

Farmers without electricity access

Unemployed carpenters

Widowed mothers with young children

Prosperous investment bankers

Prosperous Investment Bankers

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14

This organization was a key opponent of New Deal policies, because they believed that they would undercut business profits.

National Industrial Recovery Act

Congress of Industrial Unions

American Federation of Labor

National Association of Manufacturers

National Association of Manufacturers

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15

Which of the following actions by FDR was the most controversial in terms of appearing to be a major overreach of executive power?

The 1937 attempt to sway Congress to allow him to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters

The last minute passage of the 1935 Social Security Act

The creation of the federal deposit insurance program as part of the 1933 Banking Act

Support of the 1934 Indian Reorganization Act

The 1937 attempt to sway Congress to allow him to "pack" the Supreme Court with supporters

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16

Which of the following was supported by Dr. Francis Townsend and eventually incorporated into the 1935 Social Security Act?

A network of national clinics for those in need of healthcare but lacking private insurance

An old age pension for senior citizens

A program of child care subsidy payments for working parents

Mandatory job training for any adolescent whose parents were receiving any kind of public relief

An old age pension for senior citizens

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17

Direct government control of a nation's major industries is best defined as:

Keynesian economics

Laissez-faire economics

Socialism

Conservative economics

Socialism

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18

Herbert Hoover, who was president during the stock market crash, supported which of the following approaches to dealing with poverty resulting from the onset of the Great Depression?

National health insurance plan to keep all Americans healthy

Equal wages for women in the workforce

Expansion of government aid to unemployed workers

Volunteerism through private charity without much government involvement

Volunteerism through private charity without much government involvement

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19

Select the individual below who espoused this general economic belief: a government should provide a social safety net to help disadvantaged people, because when disadvantaged people spend money and have opportunities to improve their financial situation, a nation's economy will grow in the long run.

Calvin Coolidge

John Maynard Keynes

Herbert Hoover

John Jacob Raskob

John Maynard Keynes

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20

Which pairing correctly matches the historical personality to his or her respective actions?

Al Smith: National Union for Social Justice

Frances Perkins: National Association of Colored Women

Huey Long: "Share Our Wealth"

Charles Coughlin: National Association of Manufacturers

Huey Long: "Share Our Wealth"

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21

Which of the following men were NOT members of FDR's administration during the 1930s?

Harry Hopkins

Harold Ickes

Calvin Coolidge

John Collier

Calvin Coolidge

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22

Which of the following hurt Herbert Hoover the most in terms of his credibility as a leader during the 1932 presidential election?

The legalization of buying stocks on margins

An effort to "pack" the Supreme Court with his supporters

Army cavalry firing on Bonus Expeditionary Force protesters

The collapse of the Hoover Dam's northside that killed several hundred workers

Army cavalry firing on Bonus Expeditionary Force protesters

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23

Which pairing correctly matches the piece of legislation to its appropriate description?

1935 Wagner Act: allowed only government workers to form unions, which had to be represented by a court-appointed trustee

1933 TVA: renewable energy project taken over by the federal government with plans to use wind-power to provide electricity to farms in upstate New York and New England

1935 Social Security Act: created a system of national healthcare funded by general taxation

1933 Glass-Steagall Provision: seperated commercial and investment banking so banks could not gamble with their customer's savings deposits

1933 Glass-Steagall Provision: seperated commercial and investment banking so banks could not gamble with their customer's savings deposits

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24

Which of the following is NOT true about the 1936 American presidential election?

The Republican candidate dropped out last minute due to a financial scandal

The passage of the Wagner Act the year before won FDR a lot of support from members of the labor movement

About seventy percent of African-Americans supported FDR

FDR won in a landslide victory

The Republican candidate dropped out last minute due to a financial scandal

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25

Which of the following did NOT directly contribute to the onset of the Great Depression?

Irresponsible consumer lending

Overproduction in agriculture that depressed per unit crop prices

Inflated wages for domestic workers

Risky buying of stocks on margins

Inflated wages for domestic workers

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26

All of the following nations remained under Soviet control after 1945 EXCEPT:

Czechoslovakia

Hungary

Poland

Greece

Greece

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27

Which pairing correctly matches the historical figure to his actions during the World War Two?

J. Robert Oppenheimer: physicist who led American project to develop an atomic weapon

Erwin Rommel: Russian general who defeated German forces at the Battle of Stalingrad

Franklin Delano Roosevelt: signed the executive order in 1948 that desegregated America's armed services

Harry S. Truman: signed Executive Order 9066 which sent Japanese-Americans from America's West Coast into inland internment camps

J. Robert Oppenheimer: physicist who led American project to develop an atomic weapon

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28

Which of the following was NOT true about rebuilding in the post-World War Two world?

West Germany benefitted greatly from Marshall Plan funds

Germany was divided into four zones of occupation immediately following the war

A prolonged American occupation of Japan saw many political and economic reforms made

East Germany was forced to pay heavy reparations to Britain and France for the decade following the end of the war

East Germany was forced to pay heavy reparations to Britain and France for the decade following the end of the war

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29

Which pairing correctly matches the historical figure with his correct actions during the course of World War Two?

Enola Gay: leading propaganda artist credited with creating the "Rosie the Riveter" character

Harry S. Truman: American pilot who flew the plane that dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima

J. Robert Oppenheimer: physicist who led American research teams to split the atom, thus developing atomic bombs

Werner Heisenberg: German general who waged the Nazis last stand at the Battle of the Bulge

J. Robert Oppenheimer: physicist who led American research teams to split the atom, thus developing atomic bombs

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30

Which of the items below was NOT an example of a human rights abuse that occurred during World War Two?

Forced repatriation of Italian-Americans to Italy immediately following the end of the war

Internment of Japanese-Americans

Massacre of civilians in Nanking, China

Forced imprisonment and labor in Nazi concentration camp

Forced repatriation of Italian-Americans to Italy immediately following the end of the war

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31

Which pairing correctly matches the historical event to its respective location?

Battle of the Bulge: Belgium into eastern France and western Germany

Bataan Death March: Manchurian province of China

Second Battle of El Alamein: northern Italian peninsula

Battle of the Midway Island: Baltic Sea off the coast of Nazi-occupied Netherlands

Battle of the Bulge: Belgium into eastern France and western Germany

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32

Which of the following was NOT true about warfare in the Pacific?

Aircraft carriers were very important due to the scattered island geography of the South Pacific

Free French forces often served alongside American troops in the Pacific

Malaria was a constant threat due to the tropical climate of the South Pacific

Japanese pilots were willing to crash their planes into American targets, killing themselves in the process

Free French forces often served alongside American troops in the Pacific

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33

Which of the following was a mutual military defense alliance created following the drama of the Berlin Blockade?

NSC

UN

CIA

NATO

NATO

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34

Which pairing correctly matches the leader to the nation he lead during World War Two?

Winston Churchill: Ireland

Josef Stalin: Poland

Benito Mussolini: Greece

Hideki Tojo: Japan

Hideki Tojo: Japan

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35

Which of the following was an example of an amphibious landing?

The movement of Soviet troops from Stalingrad towards Berlin

The kamikaze tactics taken up by Japanese fighter pilots in the South Pacific

The last phase of the Battle of the Bulge on the banks of the Rhine River

The Allied invasion of the beaches of Normandy

The Allied invasion of the beaches of Normandy

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36

What was the purpose of the 1924 Dawes Plan?

To prevent the annexation of Austria by Germany

To establish US control over trading markets in French Indochina

To ease the burden of Germany's war debt reparation payments to Britain and France

To prevent Japan from expanding its control of the Chinese province of Manchuria

To ease the burden of Germany's war debt reparation payments to Britain and France

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37

Which pairing correctly matches the historical figure to the correct role he played in American history during World War Two?

General Douglas MacArthur: led American forces alongside British troops to defeat the German forces in North Africa led by Erwin Rommel

Admiral Chester Nimitz: American naval leader who lead raids over German-controlled islands in the Baltic Sea

Fred Korematsu: chief coordinator for the War Production Board in charge of pro-military propaganda

Henry J. Kaiser: defense contractor known for his efficient assembly line tactics that made it possible for an entire ship to be produced in two weeks time

Henry J. Kaiser: defense contractor known for his efficient assembly line tactics that made it possible for an entire ship to be produced in two weeks time

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38

Victims of the Nazi Holocaust most often included all of the following demographic groups EXCEPT:

Protestant Christians

Homosexuals

Roma Gypsies

European Jews

Protestant Christians

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39

Which of the following words was used to describe American-born persons of Japanese descent, many of whom served their country in battle while their family members were sent to internment camps?

Navajo

Nisei

Hibakusha

Nagasaki

Nisei

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40

Which of the following American politicians led a commission that accused American weapons manufacturers of illicitly selling weapons to combatants overseas, leading to the passage of a series of neutrality acts.

Edouard Daladier

Gerald Nye

Henry Cabot Lodge

Neville Chamberlain

Gerald Nye

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41

All of the following conferences occurred AFTER the US officially entered World War Two EXCEPT:

Yalta Conference

Casablanca Conference

Atlantic Charter Conference

Potsdam Conference

Atlantic Charter Conference

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42

Which pair of nations were the first to receive "containment" aid from the United States as part of the Truman Doctrine policy?

Japan and Thailand

Poland and Hungary

France and Belgium

Greece and Turkey

Greece and Turkey

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43

Which of the following represented a loss of positive leadership in the last year of World War Two?

The assassination of Josef Stalin by a Polish nationalist

The death of FDR by cerebral hemorrhage

Adolf Hitler's suicide in the Berlin bunker

The ousting of Mussolini in 1943

Death of FDR by cerebral hemmorphage

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44

All of the following were problems at the Potsdam Conference EXCEPT:

Italy refused to participate in the conference

FDR had recently passed away

Stalin's Soviet troops remained in many Eastern European countries

Churchill had been replaced by a new prime minister

Italy refuses to participate in the conference

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45

Which of the following places was NOT occupied by Mussolini's forces between 1923 and 1943?

Libya

Ethiopia

Portugal

Corfu

Portugal

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46

The primary location of America's Manhattan Project atomic testing was:

Los Alamos, New Mexico

Midway Island

Hawaii

Upstate New York

Los Alamos, New Mexico

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47

Chose the list below that has events that are in their correct chronological order:

Japanese bombardment of Pearl Harbor, Second Battle of El Alamein, Battle of the Bulge, American bombing of Nagasaki

Battle of the Bulge, Allied landing at Normandy, Battle of the Midway Island, Second Battle of El Alamein

Battle of the Coral Sea, Japanese bombardment of Pearl Harbor, Battle of the Bulge, Allied landing at Normandy

Japanese bombardment of Pearl Harbor, Second Battle of El Alamein, Battle of the Bulge, American bombing of Nagasaki

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48

Which of the following describes an accurate reaction by a Western democracy to aggression perpetrated by democratic nation during the 1920s or 1930s?

Both the US and Britain ordered airstrikes on Moscow after Stalin's invasion of Finland

Britain conducted airstrikes to prevent the German annexation of the Sudetenland

France sent military contingents to Italy to prevent Mussolini from seizing the island of Corfu

The US imposed a trade embargo on Japan after Japan's military invaded and occupied Chinese Manchuria

The US imposed a trade embargo on Japan after Japan's military invaded and occupied Chinese Manchuria

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49

Which of the following battles did NOT occur in the Pacific theater of the war?

Battle of El Alamein

Battle of the Midway Island

Battle of Iwo Jima

Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of El Alamein

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50

Which of the following was NOT true about the American homefront during World War Two?

Federal law technically prohibited racial discrimination in the defense industry during the war

The Supreme Court ruled that Executive Order 9066 was acceptable due to wartime security concerns

Women were paid wages equal to that earned by their male counterparts in factories and shipyards

Japanese-Americans in Hawaii were not deported to internment camps because Hawaii's economy would have failed without them

Women were paid wages equal to that earned by their male counterparts in factories and shipyards

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51

What new means of entertainment entered American homes en masse during the 1950s?

Personal computers

Mobile telephones

Television sets

Radios

Television sets

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52

What event prompted the United States to become concerned about the spread of communism into the country that would become the independent nation of Vietnam?

The rise of Ngo Diem to political power in neighboring Thailand, who was thought to be funding communist factions in neighboring Vietnam

The shooting down of a US military craft over Southeast Asia by a political group that was believed to be Soviet-backed

The fall of French colonial forces in 1954 at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu to rebels, some of whom had communist leanings

The end of a decades-long civil war in Indochina saw the return of pro-communist exiles from China

The fall of French colonial forces in 1954 at the fortress of Dien Bien Phu to rebels, some of whom had communist leanings

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53

Which of the following was NOT a feature of social and familial life in 1950s middle class America?

Dramatic increase in presence of women in the industrial labor force

Single-family home ownership

Ownership of at least one sedan vehicle

Access to convenient new home appliance technologies

Dramatic increase in presence of women in the industrial labor force

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54

What action taken by Mohammad Mossadegh acted as an excuse for the US and Britain to accuse him of communist sympathies?

His acceptance of hydrogen weapons from China

His detainment of a British MI6 agent who was investigating communist infiltration in South Asia

His personal albeit non-political friendship with Nikita Khrushchev's son

His willingness to compromise with the Tudeh Party due to a shared belief in secularism

His willingness to compromise with the Tudeh Party due to a shared belief in secularism

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55

What financial interest in Guatemala prompted American interference in that country's government during the 1950s?

The destruction of mines previously held by American companies by pro-communist rebels in the country's highlands

President Jacobo Arbenz's act of confiscating valuable agricultural lands that had previously been controlled by the American United Fruit Company

The Soviet acquisition of access to the Panama Canal via the Guatemalan lowlands in 1954

The seizure of British-controlled oil fields in the country by the nationalist president, Patrice Lumumba

President Jacobo Arbenz's act of confiscating valuable agricultural lands that had previously been controlled by the American United Fruit Company

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56

What was the main domestic achievement of President Eisenhower's terms of office?

The creation of the interstate highway system

The end of American involvement in Vietnam

Strict laws forbidding CIA intrusions into the elections and political systems of foreign countries

The creation of a national health insurance plan

The creation of the interstate highway system

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57

In the 1950s, what was NOT considered to be a hallmark of a middle class nuclear family?

Access to new modes of entertainment, including film, music, and television

Residence in a large urban center, usually in multi-family tenement complex

A male breadwinner who made enough to support a family

Membership in a union or a professional job title

Residence in a large urban center, usually in multi-family tenement complex

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58

This valuable piece of infrastructure in the Middle East was nationalized by its country's leader, prompting outrage from the European countries who depended on access to it for their trade through the Red Sea.

The Trans-Mesopotamian Rail

The Suez Canal

The Bosphorus Strait

The Aswan Dam

The Suez Canal

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59

Which pairing correctly matches the historical personality to his or her role in 1950s America?

Dick Clark: host of American Bandstand from 1956 onwards

Alger Hiss: head of the House Un-American Activities Committee between 1950 and 1959

Richard Nixon: American ambassador to the Soviet Union who was expelled after insulting Stalin in 1952

John Foster Dulles: US army general who oversaw the last year of America's occupation of Japan between 1958 and 1959

Dick Clark: host of American Bandstand from 1956 onwards

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60

The divisions in the Democratic Party during President Truman's tenure in the White House led to:

The rise of the "Dixiecrats" led by Strom Thurmond who supported segregation

A prolonged political battle with the Republican party that compromised the status of American troops in Korea

A political scandal involving the misappropriation of funds by leading members of Truman's cabinet

The creation of the new American Proletariat Party by disaffected liberal Democrats who wanted to see better protections for unions

The rise of the "Dixiecrats" led by Strom Thurmond who supported segregation

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61

The American government at first claimed that Francis Gary Powers' plane was a weather plane, but what in fact was Francis Gary Powers doing in Russian airspace?

He was moving American military supplies over the Soviet Union on his way to supply anti-communist rebels in China

He mistakenly landed in Russia thinking that he was in fact landing on a NATO base in Finland

He was flying a commercial jet over Russian airspace on his way to Pakistan, where he was planning on rescuing American hostages in the city of Peshawar

He was flying a U2 spy plane as part of an espionage mission

e was flying a U2 spy plane as part of an espionage mission

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62

hat was the primary point of disagreement between President Truman and General MacArthur in the course of the Korean War?

MacArthur believed that the US needed to train Japanese soldiers to reoccupy the Korean peninsula, whereas Truman believed the US needed to do the job itself

MacArthur believed that the US needed to push through North Korea and into China in order to take out China's communist government, while Truman believed this was unwise

Truman wanted MacArthur to attack the Soviet Union from an American base in North Korea

MacArthur believed that beating the North Korean communists was a lost cause by 1952, and that the US should pull out of the Korean peninsula entirely

MacArthur believed that the US needed to push through North Korea and into China in order to take out China's communist government, while Truman believed this was unwise

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63

Which genre of music was strongly associated with youth culture in the 1950s?

Rock n' roll

Jazz

Hip-hop

Ragtime

Rock n' roll

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64

Joseph McCarthy's ultimate downfall came when he:

Committed suicide after being implicated in a financial scandal involving kickbacks from defense contractors

Began making baseless accusations of communist sympathies against prominent members of the US army, who retorted and in turn accused McCarthy of having no decency and just using the "red scare" as a smear campaign

Participated in a botched coup against the prime minister of Iran, resulting in his death in a helicopter accident

Had an affair with Eisenhower's wife, leading to his humiliating resignation

Began making baseless accusations of communist sympathies against prominent members of the US army, who retorted and in turn accused McCarthy of having no decency and just using the "red scare" as a smear campaign

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65

Select the term below that is correctly matched to its definition:

Domino theory: belief that economic growth in one sector will eventually trickle down into adjoining sectors

Proxy war: when two superpowers support conflicting factions in different countries, leading to ideological confrontations that reflect the differences between the superpowers, even though those superpowers do not directly engage with one another in battle

Suburb: poor section of an urban center where most of the population resides in multi-family housing that is owned by the government

Coup d'etat: when a democratic election goes smoothly and the result is not contested

Proxy war: when two superpowers support conflicting factions in different countries, leading to ideological confrontations that reflect the differences between the superpowers, even though those superpowers do not directly engage with one another in battle

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66

Prior to its independence in 1960, Congo was controlled by this European power, whose alliance with the United States prompted American intervention in the country to take out the nation's first independence leader.

Great Britain

France

Belgium

Netherlands

Belgium

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67

Which of the descriptions below best describes Levittown?

It was the codename for the CIA mission in Guatemala that topped that country's democratically elected leader

It was a suburb that began development on Long Island in 1947, and conveniently allowed residents easy access to New York City by car and by train

It was a popular American soap opera in the 1950s produced by the Disney corporation

It was a powerful defense contracting company co-owned by Secretary of State John Foster Dulles

It was a suburb that began development on Long Island in 1947, and conveniently allowed residents easy access to New York City by car and by train

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68

This American state experienced a protracted two-year conflict surrounding the attempted integration of its schools after Brown v. Board of the Education of Topeka ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.

Atlanta

Arkansas

Missouri

Alabama

Arkansas

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69

Which event in 1953 signalled a potential if brief reprieve for US-Soviet relations?

The death of Josef Stalin and the denunciation of Stalin's brutality by Nikita Khrushchev

Withdrawal of Soviet support for China

The Soviet army agreement to allow democratic elections in Hungary

The fall of the communist government in North Korea

The death of Josef Stalin and the denunciation of Stalin's brutality by Nikita Khrushchev

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70

Which of the foreign leaders below was backed by the United States during the 1950s?

Mao Zedong

Kim il-Sung

Ngo Diem

Ho Chi Minh

Ngo Diem

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71

General Electric, Frigidaire, and Kenwood were all important in the 1950s because they:

Were companies that made modern home appliances that were highly desired by American families

Were independent spy agencies used by the American government to collect data on Third World countries

Were defense contractors that supplied planes

Were media companies that pioneered "sitcoms" in American television

Were companies that made modern home appliances that were highly desired by American families

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72

What happened to the American-backed Chinese Nationalist Party leader Chiang Kai-Shek after he fled mainland China in 1949?

He committed suicide in shame at having been on the losing side of the Chinese Civil War

He was assassinated by a hit squad commissioned by Mao Zedong, China's communist victor

He died in a botched mission to transport him and his family from an American military base in South Korea to a safehouse in Japan

He retreated to the island of Taiwan where he set up a government that continued to be backed by the Americans

He retreated to the island of Taiwan where he set up a government that continued to be backed by the Americans

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73

All of the following were accomplishments of the Truman administration EXCEPT:

The desegregation of the armed services

The dispatching of federal troops to Little Rock Central High School to aid in the desegregation of the school

The allocation of funds to Greece and Turkey to help those countries' governments fight against communist factions within their borders

The winning of the 1948 election despite having alienated many members of the working classes

The dispatching of federal troops to Little Rock Central High School to aid in the desegregation of the school

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74

The belief that once one nation fell to communist factions that the nations surrounding it would become highly vulnerable to falling to the forces of communism was known as the:

Containment theory

Truman Doctrine

Domino theory

Eisenhower Doctrine

Domino Theory

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75

All of the following contributed to America's economic boom in the 1950s EXCEPT:

Aid from the GI Bill that helped veterans gain more education, buy homes, and start businesses with government-backed loans

The growth of the nation's automotive industry and the subsequent building of interstate highways

The adoption of code-processing computers that eliminated the need for many manual labor jobs in the nation's urban centers

The ample funds funnelled into the defense contracting industry

The adoption of code-processing computers that eliminated the need for many manual labor jobs in the nation's urban centers

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76

Which of the following was NOT created as a part of JFK's "New Frontier" program?

More Social Security benefits for unemployed workers with children

A federally-mandated health insurance program for the elderly

Increased federal water quality oversight

An increase in the federal minimum wage

Increased federal water quality oversight

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77

Which of the following below was NOT generally associated with the counterculture atmosphere of late 1960s youth?

Liberal views on human sexuality

Following of anti-war folk music

Strong Protestant Christian religious observance

Use of recreational marijuana

Strong Protestant Christian religious observance

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78

The Selective Service Act enabled which of the following:

A military draft of young men into the nation's armed services during a time of war

Punishment for anyone who verbally denounced American military actions in public

Joint CIA-Marine Corps secret missions into nations with active communist parties

Military aid for friendly foreign governments as part of the containment strategy

A military draft of young men into the nation's armed services during a time of war

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79

What Soviet action in 1961 provoked US concern as far as the city of Berlin was concerned?

An outbreak of polio in East Berlin happened because the Soviets refused to allow the American-made vaccine into the city

The Soviets stopped East Berliners from crossing into West Berlin, and began constructing a wall to divide the city and contain East Berlin's population

A Soviet bomber struck key US targets in West Berlin

The Soviets placed missile launching pads on the outskirts of the portions of East Berlin that they controlled

The Soviets stopped East Berliners from crossing into West Berlin, and began constructing a wall to divide the city and contain East Berlin's population

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80

Which of the following was NOT true about Cuba before the 1959 revolution?

Cuba had high rates of education and literacy, despite its economic inequalities

Cuba's telephone and electricity networks were controlled by American corporations

Fulgencio Batista's policies kept the country's wealth concentrated in the hands of a small elite

American agricultural companies controlled a lot of land in Cuba

Cuba had high rates of education and literacy, despite its economic inequalities

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81

Which pairing correctly matches the historical personality to his or her respective actions?

William Westmoreland: Johnson's vice president who lost the 1968 election

George Wallace: liberal activist who organized protests at the Chicago Democratic national convention in 1968

Jerry Rubin: leading US general on the ground in Vietnam during the Tet Offensive

Tom Hayden: anti-war political activist behind the Students for a Democratic Society Group

Tom Hayden: anti-war political activist behind the Students for a Democratic Society Group

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82

This major episode of the American presence in Vietnam was an important turning point in exposing the war's brutality and futility to the American public.

Operation Rolling Thunder

The Tet Offensive

The Viet Cong attack on a US base in the neighboring Philippines

The Bay of Pigs Invasion

The Tet Offensive

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83

Which of the leaders below was supported by the American government during the late 1950s and early 1960s?

Fidel Castro

Fulgencio Batista

Ho Chi Minh

Nikita Khrushchev

Fulgencio Batista

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84

This event pushed President Johnson to push for a surge of American military action in Vietnam.

Ho Chi Minh's attack on neighboring neutral Thailand

The Gulf of Tonkin incident involving a US destroyer called the Maddox

A Chinese-backed coup in South Vietnam

Ngo Diem's temporary alliance with the Viet Cong

The Gulf of Tonkin incident involving a US destroyer called the Maddox

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85

Which of the following groups of people turned against the Vietnam War during the late 1960s?

Senior American military advisors from the conservative political wing

Middle aged American women with young adult sons

Defense contractors with ties to the American military budget

Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon, and George Wallace's supporters

Middle aged American women with young adult sons

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86

The popular quote "ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country" was most strongly associated with:

The American military's push to get young men to cooperate with the draft

JFK's launch of the "New Frontier" programs in 1961

The Republican presidential campaign of 1968

The mantra of the radical demonstrators at the 1968 Chicago National Convention

JFK's launch of the "New Frontier" programs in 1961

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87

This spot on the island of Cuba was the landing site for a CIA-backed plan to have trained Cuban exiles retake the island from the Castro regime.

Santiago de Cuba

Guantanamo Bay

Havana

Bay of Pigs

Bay of Pigs

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88

Which of the following was unique about the 1960 presidential election?

JFK won by a landslide

The Republican party had no viable candidate

The vote was so close that the Supreme Court had to step in to order a recount

It was the first election in American history to be prefaced by a televised debate between the two final candidates

It was the first election in American history to be prefaced by a televised debate between the two final candidates

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89

Which of the following is TRUE about Cuba after the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved?

A number of members of the Bay of Pigs Invasion squad attempted a second unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1975

Cuba's communist government outlived the Cold War, since Fidel Castro did not die until 2016

Most of the Cuban exiles who settled in Miami after the 1959 Revolution chose to return to the island after the missile crisis resolved

Batista was granted refuge in the United States, where he was controversially awarded a US military pension

Cuba's communist government outlived the Cold War, since Fidel Castro did not die until 2016

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90

Prior to his presidential ambitions in 1968, Robert F. Kennedy had served as:

The Republican Party national committee organizer

The attorney general in JFK's administration

A general in Korea

A military advisor in Vietnam

The attorney general in JFK's administration

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91

During the 1960 presidential election, the JFK's Republican opponent was:

Lyndon B. Johnson

Richard Nixon

Dwight Eisenhower

McGeorge Bundy

Richard Nixon

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92

What was one key American concession made to the Soviet Union during the resolution of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The US agreed to allow the Soviets to store their missiles at a military base in the nearby Dominican Republic

America agreed to remove its army bases from West Germany

The US agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey

The US agreed to deport Cuban exiles in the US back to Cuba

The US agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey

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93

What was unique about JFK as far as his background as a president was concerned?

He was the first Roman Catholic to hold the office of president

He had only served for two years as a representative from Massachusetts before running for president

He was the first World War Two veteran to hold the office of president

He came to the office of president with military and private business experience, but no prior government experience

He was the first Roman Catholic to hold the office of president

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94

Direct US involvement in Cuba dated back to:

The period immediately following the end of the American Civil War

America's victory in the Spanish-American War of 1898

The end of World War Two

The beginning of World War One

America's victory in the Spanish-American War of 1898

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95

Which pairing correctly matches the historical personality to his or her respective actions?

Ho Chi Minh: former French-backed puppet government leader in South Vietnam who later received a lot of American support for his anti-communist views

William Westmoreland: American anti-war activist who led a riot at the 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago

Ngo Diem: leader of the Viet Cong mission that sunk several American vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin

Robert McNamara: US Secretary of Defense who was stumped by the resilience of the Viet Cong even as America's war in Vietnam accelerated

Robert McNamara: US Secretary of Defense who was stumped by the resilience of the Viet Cong even as America's war in Vietnam accelerated

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96

During the 1960s, the term "LIBERAL" in American politics referred to those who:

Believed that individuals, families, and communities, NOT the government, were responsible for people's well-being

Believed that the United States should pursue a pacifist foreign policy

Believed that racial issues were a state issue, and not a federal one

Believed the government should take a proactive approach to tackling poverty, preventing racial discrimination, and providing more social welfare services for the American public

Believed the government should take a proactive approach to tackling poverty, preventing racial discrimination, and providing more social welfare services for the American public

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97

his conservative leader in 1964 challenged LBJ's platform of liberalism by positing the view that the federal government was growing too big and taking on too much of a role in redistributing taxpayers wealth.

McGeorge Bundy

Richard Nixon

Hubert H. Humphrey

Barry Goldwater

Barry Goldwater

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98

The US bombing campaign on military targets over North Vietnam that began in 1965 was known as:

The Westmoreland War

The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

McNamara's March

Operation Rolling Thunder

Operation Rolling Thunder

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99

Job Corps, Upward Bound, and VISTA were all programs created specifically by the:

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

Medicare Act of 19651964 Civil Rights Act

Kennedy New Frontier program

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

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100

This location became a popular site of demonstrations during the late 1960s, particularly when it came to anti-war protests.

NASA headquarters in Houston, Texas

Hollywood studios in Los Angeles, CA

Westpoint military academy in upstate New York

UC Berkeley campus in northern California

UC Berkeley campus in northern California

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