Unit 4 Phys Part C, Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

The three main phases of aerobic cellular respiration are ________________, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Letter A in the diagram

Krebs cycle

The three main phases of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, __________________, and oxidative phosphorylation. Letter B on the diagram

Oxidative phosphorylation

The three main phases of aerobic cellular respiration are glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and _______________. Letter C on the diagram

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative phosphorylation consists of the electron transport chain and _______________

Electron transport chain

Oxidative phosphorylation consists of the ____________________ and chemiosmosis

2 ATP

Per glucose molecule, the net end products of glycolysis include 2 pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, and ________________

2 Pyruvic acid

Per glucose molecule, the net end products of glycolysis include _____________________, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP

2 NADH

Per glucose molecule, the net end products of glycolysis include 2 pyruvic acid, ________________ , and 2 ATP

Acetyl CoA

To enter the Citric Acid Cycle, pyruvic acid is moved from the cytoplasm into the mitochondrion and converted to __________________

CO2

During the formation of acetyl CoA, the carboxyl group of each pyruvic acid molecule is removed and given off as _________________ which is carried by the blood to the lungs. Answer in the form of the molecular formula.

Coenzyme A (CoA)

As pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria it is converted to acetic acid which is then attached to a molecule called ____________________ to form acetyl CoA. Give the name and abbreviation for this molecule

Tricarboxylic acid cycle

The Krebs cycle can also be called the citric acid cycle or the ____________________

Citric acid cycle

The Krebs cycle can also be called the or the tricarboxylic acid cycle or the ____________________

Oxaloacetic acid

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, the acetic acid subunit (2 carbons long) of acetyl CoA combines with ________________________ (4 carbons long) to form a molecule of citric acid (6 carbons long).

4 CO2

Per glucose molecule the end products of the citric acid cycle are _____________, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

2 ATP

Per glucose molecule the end products of the citric acid cycle are 4 CO2, ____________, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2

6 NADH

Per glucose molecule the end products of the citric acid cycle are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, __________________ , 2 FADH2

2 FADH2

Per glucose molecule the end products of the citric acid cycle are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, ________________

Proton

Another name for a hydrogen ion (H+) is _______________

Outer membrane

Name the structure indicated by letter A

Inner membrane

Name the structure indicated by letter B

Cristae

Name the structure indicated by letter C

Matrix

Name the structure indicated by letter D

Intermembrane space

Name the space indicated by letter E

Intermembrane space

Within the mitochondrion, what term is used for the space between the outer and inner membrane?

Matrix

Within the mitochondrion, what term is used to describe the thick fluid surrounded by the cristae and contains the enzymes for the Citric Acid Cycle?

Oxidative phosphorylation

Term for the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of electron carriers found in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It consists of the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

During the process of oxidative phosphorylation what term is used to describe a series of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria specialized in the transport of electrons and pumping of protons. Consists mostly of protein complexes (numbered I - IV), coenzyme Q, and cytochromes. Provide the name and abbreviation.

H+

Electrons, obtained from NADH and FADH2, move ("cascade") down the electron transport chain giving up a small amount of energy with each transfer . That energy of the electrons is used to pump ____________________ into the intermembrane space. Give symbol for the answer.

ATP synthase

The H+ (proton) gradient established in the intermembrane space is then used by an enzyme called _________________ to make ATP as H+ flows back across the innermembrane due to the proton-motive force.

Chemiosmosis

The process of ATP production using a proton of hydrogen ion gradient is known as ________________. Hint, it is part of oxidative phosphorylation.

O2

During oxidative phosphorylation the final (terminal) electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is ____________________(give molecular formula), which combines with electrons and H+ ions to produce water

Electron transport chain

In the chemiosmotic mechanism, ATP production is linked to the proton gradient established by the movement of high energy electrons along the ____________________________ .

Oxidative phosphorylation

Most ATP is generated during the process of __________________________ (glycolysis, fermentation, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation)

Oxidative phosphorylation

Of the three main stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation), which one uses oxygen directly?

Hydrogen ions

The chemiosmotic process involves the build up of what? Answer with complete name and not the symbol.

Intermembrane space

The chemiosmotic process involves the buildup of hydrogen ions where in the mitochondria?

3 ATP

About how many ATP can be generated for each NADH that transfers a pair of electrons to the electron transport chain?

2 ATP

About how many ATP can be generated for each FADH2 that transfers a pair of electrons to the electron transport chain?

FADH2

Since __________________ (NADH or FADH2) drops off its electrons further down the ETC (at protein complex II) it is responsible for transport of only enough H+ to make 2 ATPs.

2 ATP

Since FADH2 drops off its electrons further down the ETC, at protein complex II it is responsible for transport of only enough H+ to make how many ATPs?

2 ATP

The uncertainty of 36 to 38 ATP per glucose during aerobic respiration results from which shuttle is used to transport electrons from the NADH made in the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. The electrons are passed either to FAD or to NAD+. If the electrons are passed to NAD+ then 3 ATP are produced and if passed to FAD then _____________ are produced.

Electron transport chain

Term for the process indicated by the bracket at letter M. Here electron transport provide the energy to pump protons (H+) from the matrix to the intermembrane space creating a H+ gradient across the membrane

Chemiosmosis

Term for the process indicated by the bracket at letter N. Here ATP synthesis is powered by the flow of H+ back across the membrane

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Term for the complete process indicated by the bracket at letter P.

Inner membrane

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is a series of molecules embedded in the _______ (inner membrane, outer membrane, or matrix) of the mitochondria and specialized in the transport of electrons and pumping of protons.

Proton-motive force

The H+ (proton) gradient by the electron transport chain is then used by ATP synthase (an enzyme) to make ATP as H+ flows back across the inner membrane due to the ___________(electron-motive force, neutron-motive force, proton-motive force).

Chemiosmosis

This process of ATP production using a proton or hydrogen ion gradient is known as __________ (chemiodiffusion, deamination, chemiophosphorylation, chemiosmosis).

Chemiosmotic theory

The theory that oxidative phosphorylation within mitochondria is driven by the development of a H+ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is called the ____________

Oxidative phosphorylation

ATP production powered by redox reactions of the ETC is called_________ (substrate level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation).

Oxygen

During this process oxidative phosphorylation the final (terminal) electron acceptor, is _____________________ (name and not symbol) combining with electrons and H+ ions to produce water.

Intermembrane space

Electrons, obtained from NADH and FADH2, move ("cascade") down the ETC giving up a small amount of energy with each transfer. That energy or "downhill" fall of the electrons is used to pump H+ into the _______________ (intermembrane space, outer membrane space, cytosol, matrix).

Proton-motive force

In oxidative phosphorylation, the energy or "downhill" fall of the electrons in the ETC is used to pump H+ into the intermembrane, space, forming a huge H+ gradient and a transmembrane electrical potential referred to as a _______________ (electron-motive force, neutron-motive force, proton-motive force).