ARH 369 Late Italian Renaissance EXAM 1

What professions was Georgio Vasari?

Writer and Painter

Georgio Vasari's purpose for writing his book

wrote his book to flatter the medici family, focused on florientine artists and those in the guild.

What artists did Giorgio Vasari focus on?

Florentine artists

problems about just focusing on Giorgio Vasari's Florentine artists?

only men, only white and christian, text is bias, not everyone mentioned

What does renaissance mean?

rebirth, classical learning, recovering from the past, not a term used in that time

part one of Vasari's book (characteristic and artists)

looking back on history, something new happening, artist who saved art

Giotto and Cimbue

NATURALISM

part two of Vasari's book (characteristic and artists)

taking naturalism to the next level, one point linear perspective, understanding nature and rule of proportion and looks real

Donatello, Ghiberti, mancato, brunelleshi

RULE AND PROPORTAIN

part THREE of Vasari's book (characteristic and artists)

taking art to the penical, adding style and grace, more than just an exercise or school project, natural and easy for them, using biological models and growing from death

Michelangelo, Leonardo, Raphael, Titian

GRACE AND ANCEINT ART

What are the three period for Vasari's Art

1: Naturalism

2: Rule and proprtain

3: Grace and Ancient art/antiquity

what does da Vinci mean

from Vinci, not a nickname

birth and death date of Leonardo da Vinci

1452-1519

was Leonardo just a painter?

no, artist, sculpture, engineer, architect, love of natural and science too

how many of Leonardo's scultpture came to life?

none, unless you count the clay sculpture that got destroyed

what specifically made Leonardo's art so special? (characteristic)

GRACE doing it made it look easy and so real

who made this

Leonardo da vinci

what is the name of this work

Adoration of the Magi

date created

1481

city created in

florence

how did Leonardo work in terms of paying

commissioned work, meant lots of traveling for patronage

who commissioned this work?

the Augustinian monks of San Donato a Scopeto

purpose of an altarpiece

give you something to think about, purpose to be thinking about

what is the eucharist

one of the 7 sacraments, receiving the body of christ, transubstantiation, bread turns into the body and the wine turns into the blood

what is transubstantiation?

the bread and wine used for Holy Communion substantively change into the actual body, blood, soul, and divinity of Jesus Christ.

is this piece still where it was created?

yes still in Florence

subject?

magi are the 3 kings from the east,

literary source?

the bible the nativity scene

how would civic groups around Florence react to this?

they would reenact giving gifts

what would other commissions of this work do in terms of the subjects?

they would paint themselves in so that they would be seen as powerful as kings

what does in situ mean?

still in the same place

is this in situ?

yes

is this painting done?

no this is only the underpainting

what the location of the scene?

cave or outside vibes

purpose of the ruins in the back?

symbolizes the new testament, passing of the old and into the new order

what is one point liner perspective

one vanishing point, horizon lines, orthogonal

what is tenebrisim?

extreme, dramatic contrasts between deep, dark shadows and bright, concentrated light, often creating a "spotlight" effect.

what Vasari characteristic is Leonardo using?

Grace…making it look easy, looks so much like real life

are artists painting for fun?

no only for patronage..they go where the money is going

date made?

1481

does the city of Florence like adorations of the magi?

yes they love them. they have plenty of relics

function of this?

an alterpeice, used for devotion, made to focus prayer and direct attention

what makes this important interms of specific art terms?

chiaraiscussio Chiaroscuro is a dramatic art technique using extreme contrasts between light and dark to create volume, depth, and emotional intensity, showing weight in the figures, gravity actually exists

what is importaint about the crowd?

using crowd psychology, people in the light are responding to the death of christ, dark people dont know what’s happening or even dont look,

who does Leonardo da Vinci go to work under as a court artist?

ludouco sforza

what are the perks of being a court artist?

room and board, medical help, money

what city is ludouco sforza in charge of

milan

what is included in Leonardo’s letter to sforza?

war machines -to help the king in battle, machine guns, tanks
light and easy more bridges, tunnels
art at the very end, in times of peace I can make art

who made this

Leonardo da vinci

where was this made?

milan

when was this created?

1483

who is this commissioned for?

created for a church, san Francesca grande

is this an altarpiece? and whats its purpose?

yes, direct attention especially for prayer

is this supposed to be a triptych?

yep, ofc Leonardo doesn’t finish it

describe the the subjects in terms of Mary, John the Baptist, and Jesus, and the angel

triangle composition, jb on the left, middle center Mary, right is the angel and child

literary source

the bible

does Leonardo use models for his work?

yes he does

sfumato

soften edges and makes the lines hazy, smokey look, softing edges,

where is the scene placed and the significance?

a gratto, dark and somber quality, crucifixion foreshadowing bc that is where he was laid to rest

name of the painting

madonna of the rocks

significance of the rocks and water and plants

showed he looked at nature and naturalism, the water both in the bkg and the pond in the front show ideas of baptism and cleansing of original sin promising eternal life

why is Mary dominate in the hierarchy?

showing she is the mother of the church not just a mom of a baby but the divine one

importance for the 2 versions of it?

one in London (who knows who finished it possibly his workshop, lack of contrast, halo, winged angels, more conventional and normal for the time, one in the louve (made my Leonardo)

what is the title?

The last supper

who created it

Leonardo da vinci

what year was this made?

1495

where was this created?

milan

who was this created for?

monks, dominican monks in santa Maria della grazie monestary

what is the material of the last supper?

fresco

why is this art deteriorating so fast?

he did wet on wet fresco not allowing time for each layer to dry before putting the next one on, he wanted to be able to work the paints, this weakend the plaster, now in a highly temperature controlled room

4 step process of fresco

1-rubble trough surface

2-scim coat, arriccio layer rough base

3-slghtly smoother, sinopoa, rough plaster with the drawing

4-intigrate painting into the wet plaster, intonaco layer, very top layer of the painting

what does arriccio mean for frescos

the rough second layer of plaster, applied over the initial scratch coat

what does sinopia mean for frescos

red pigment prepatory drawing on the initial arricco layer

what does intonaco mean for frescos

very top of a fresco

why does Leonardo want to extend drying time with the fresco?

so he can incorporate sfumato and charscusio

how does this use one point linear perspective?

vanishing point to the left of his head

describe the subjects interaction

the disciples are actively talking to one another, and they look really naturalistic looking at real models

connection to communion how?

when he instates the eurcharist, you will do this in memory of me, on of you will betray me, everyone starts freaking out

literary connection

the bible and the last supper

name of this painting

the last supper

importance of judas

he is usually on the other side of the the table to clearly show he is the one to betray Jesus but that is seen differently here,

importance of st Peter

he is sleeping during all of this, he’s the youngest and seems to be represented at innocent,

importance of the deep room

shows the one point linear perspective on the roof, and the three windows represent the holy trinity and significance of the number 3, also the crosses at the crusifiction and Jesus in the middle among two criminals,

the importance of the positioning of there fresco

up above a door way to be looked up from the ground, never see the angles we see today, working for something bigger than ourselves, faith is believing in something you can’t see, in a cafeteria so something to focus on while eating meals

who painted this?

Leonardo Da Vinci

when was this painted?

1503

Where was this painted?

florence

what is the title?

Mona Lisa, a portrait of a women

who was this commissioned by

her husband

so special about her gaze?

she was looking directly at you, women were’t supposed to be looking directly at you bc it was more of a sexually things to be so g=direct with your eyes.

when were women typically painted?

when they got married or they died, more about the family and wealth than you as a person

what were the ideal beauty standards in the 1500

blonde, pale skin, big fore head, showing of jewelry

was this a successful piece?

no because it was so different and unique at the time, commissioned by a successful banker and for the women to be looking so direct he didn’t want the idea that she was sexually available

how does this show naturalism?

teh folds of her skin, wrinkles, gravity exists, sfumato on the jaw lines, fuzzy hair showing that this was a real person and not some idealized idea

are these the real colors?

no this painting is heavily dirtied, the blue used to be a lot brighter, needs conservation and to be restored

what type of family was Michelangelo born into?

fairly poor, poverty, with other brothers and sisters

When was michalanglo supposedly taken in to the medici household?

14 years old, learned carving when he drank the milk of his wet nurse

who more likely really taught Michelangelo about sculpture?

Bertoldo de Giovanni, worked in the sculpture garden

Name of piece

madonna of the stairs

who is the artist

michelangelo

what year was this made?

1489-92

where was this made?

florence