BioPsychology Chapter 2 (Synapses) - cengage comprehension check/ test

(2.1) Comprehension check 1

Regarding a synapse, the ____ neuron delivers the transmission and the _____ receives it.

a. sensory; interneuron

b. postsynaptic; presynaptic

c. presynaptic; postsynaptic

d. motor; sensory

answer: c. presynaptic; postsynaptic

(2.1) comprehension check 2

Charles Scott Sherrington's research involved pinching a dog's foot. After a fraction of a second, the dog would flex the pinched leg and extend the other legs. He called this event a _____.

a. motor neuron pathway

b. reflex arc

c. spinal cord pathway

d. sensory neuron pathway

answer: b. reflex arc

(2.1)comprehension check 3

To produce an action potential, ____ must combine such that the neuron reaches threshold.

a. multiple EPSPs

b. multiple IPSPs

c. more IPSPs than EPSPs

d. equal numbers of IPSPs and EPSPs

answer: a. multiple EPSPs

(2.2)comprehension check 1

Cecil has just finished eating a large turkey dinner. He is feeling full and happy. Shortly, he should have a spike in _____ due to the large amount of ____ in the turkey.

a. serotonin; tyrosine

b. serotonin; tryptophan

c. dopamine; tryptophan

d. dopamine; tyrosine

answer: d. dopamine; tyrosine

(2.2)comprehension check 2

Most neurotransmitters are typically stored in ____ located in the axon terminals. When stimulated, the neurotransmitter is released via ____ into the synapse.

a. vesicles; exocytosis

b. vesicles; endocytosis

c. vesicles; osmosis

d. mitochondria; osmosis

answer: a. vesicles; exocytosis

(2.2)comprehension check 3

Dedra has diabetes. As such, she needs to take the hormone _____ because her ____ does not produce enough on its own.

a. glucagon; adrenal cortex

b. glucagon; pancreas

c. insulin; pancreas

d. insulin; adrenal cortex

answer: c. insulin; pancreas

Chapter test

Frederick is interested in using his diet to elevate his mood. His doctor suggested that he try to increase the amount of ____ in his diet, because it controls the amount of serotonin in the brain.

a. tryptophan

b. phenylalanine

c. tyrosine

d. lysine

answer: a. tryptophan

Chapter test

Most of the brain's excitatory ionotropic synapses use the neurotransmitter ____.

a. substance P

b. GABA

c. nitric oxide

d. glutamate

answer: d. glutamate

Chapter test

What term is used for the cumulative effect of repeated stimulation over a brief period of time?

a. excitatory postsynaptic potential

b. spatial summation

c. temporal summation

d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

answer: c. temporal summation

chapter test

Consider a wiring arrangement of neurons in which the two neurons (A and B) stimulate a third neuron (X). Neither neuron A nor B can stimulate neuron X on its own, but can excite neuron X in combination. This is an example of ____.

a. an IPSP and an EPSP

b. an IPSP

c. temporal summation

d. spatial summation

answer: d. spatial summation

chapter test

Which of the following classic researchers is credited with demonstrating the existence of chemical synapses?

a. Sherrington

b. Ramón y Cajal

c. Loewi

d. Golgi

answer: c. Loewi

chapter test

Nitric oxide is an example of the ____ category of neurotransmitters.

a. gas

b. monoamine

c. amino acid

d. purine

answer: a. gas

chapter test

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are produced in the ____.

a. pancreas

b. adrenal medulla

c. pituitary

d. pineal

answer: b. adrenal medulla

chapter test

Stimulant drugs, including amphetamine and cocaine, decrease reuptake and prolong the effects of various neurotransmitters. Which of the following is not one of those neurotransmitters?

a. GABA

b. serotonin

c. norepinephrine

d. dopamine

answer: a. GABA

chapter test

____ is thought to help control appetite by decreasing it.

a. Glucagon

b. Leptin

c. Renin

d. FSH

answer: b. Leptin

chapter test

In which neurotransmitter category does GABA belong?

a. monoamines

b. neuropeptides

c. amino acids

d. purines

answer: c. amino acids

chapter test

Tommy is addicted to smoking cigarettes and says he really enjoys smoking. Smoking cigarettes feels rewarding in part because it triggers the release of ____.

a. GABA

b. serotonin

c. acetylcholine

d. dopamine

answer: d. dopamine

chapter test

Sherrington inferred the presence of a gap between neurons based on ____.

a. slower than predicted speed of conduction

b. inconsistent occurrence of conduction

c. suppression of reflexes

d. the existence of spinal reflexes

answer: a. slower than predicted speed of conduction

chapter test

Gordon is having trouble sleeping and decides to take a supplement containing a hormone that is manufactured in the pineal. What is he most likely taking?

a. leptin

b. renin

c. glucagon

d. melatonin

answer: d. melatonin

chapter test

Karin just burned her finger on a hot pan. What is the circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response called that transmitted the message that she should remove her finger from the pan?

a. efferent circuit

b. neural network

c. reflex arc

d. afferent loop

answer: c. reflex arc

chapter test

Many hallucinogenic drugs are chemically similar to ____.

a. GABA

b. serotonin

c. acetylcholine

d. dopamine

answer: b. serotonin

chapter test

____ refers to bursts of release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron.

a. Exocytosis

b. Metabotropic

c. Apoptosis

d. Exostosis

answer: a. Exocytosis

chapter test

Adenosine is an example of the ____ category of neurotransmitters.

a. gas

b. monoamine

c. amino acid

d. purine

answer: d. purine

chapter test

Neuropeptides are characterized by ____.

a. being released by a single action potential

b. being synthesized in presynaptic terminals

c. being released mostly from dendrites

d. having an action that lasts, at most, a few seconds

answer: c. being released mostly from dendrites

chapter test

What term describes periodic production of action potentials, even without synaptic input?

a. spontaneous firing

b. IPSP

c. EPSP

d. spatial summation

answer: a. spontaneous firing

chapter test

The temporary hyperpolarization of a membrane is a(n) ____.

a. excitatory postsynaptic potential

b. spatial summation

c. temporal summation

d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential

answer: d. inhibitory postsynaptic potential