History 101 Midterm Ahmad Atassi LaTech (Ch 1-3) Fall 18

Africa's great ape population broke off into different groups how long ago?

23 Million Years

Debate over who the modern humans were is based on

whether bipedalism or toolmaking was the distinguishing trait.

Early Homo Sapiens (prior to 10,000 BCE) were distinguished from other early humans by their use of

language

Farming began because

a global warming trend made land more fertile.

human knowledge of plants and animals increased.

human communities needed more efficient ways to feed their populations.

human communities grew to become more stationary.

Homo habilis means

"skillful man"

Homo sapiens

were the first hominids to cross into the Americas.

How did gender relationships change because of agriculture?

Men took on heavy work, while repetitive tasks such as planting fell to women.

In China, plant domestication developed around

rice in the south and millet in the north.

In Mesoamerica, the major crops differed from Europe. The dominant crops in both regions were

maize, squash, and beans in Mesoamerica; wheat and barley in Europe.

The cave paintings of early human communities commonly included which of the following themes?

bison, horses, and bulls

The domestication of animals occurred

as humans realized that controlling animal reproduction was a more reliable food source than hunting.

The first modern humans were

Homo sapiens.

The last part of Afro-Eurasia to be occupied by Homo erectus was

northern Europe.

The trait that gave early hominids a significant advantage for survival was

bipedalism.

The two main features of Homo erectus that distinguished them from their competitors were

bipedalism and control of fire.

The two primary staple crops for East Asia were

rice and millet.

Which group of human ancestors first migrated out of Africa?

Homo erectus

Which one of the following characterizes African agriculture?

Individuals leaving the Sahel carried knowledge about domestication of plants and animals with them into other parts of Africa.

Which region developed agriculture through borrowing rather than innovation?

Europe

Which statement best characterizes civilization's development in the Americas?

It was heavily influenced by European developments.

Egyptian commoners practiced their religion in what way?

They visited local shrines and used magic.

How did Longshan culture differ from other examples in this chapter?

They developed a tradition of Sage-Kings.

In Anatolia, Crete, and mainland Greece, archaeological findings indicate that Troy

was engaged in a trading system that linked the Aegean and Southwest Asian worlds.

In comparison to those who lived in the territorial states of Egypt and Mesopotamia, those who lived on the margins of these worlds were

adept users of technology who established durable institutions and belief systems.

In Longshan culture, jade was

a symbol of power used by shamans in rituals and coveted by the elite.

In Sumerian households

monogamy was the norm.

In the Americas around 3500 BCE, the largest population center was in

the Valley of Tehuacán in Mexico.

In the steppe lands of Inner Mongolia

small communities turned primarily to animal breeding and herding.

Literacy in Ancient Egypt

consisted first of hieroglyphs.

Reliable water sources affected how and where people settled in all but which of the following ways?

Unpredictable flooding forced people to leave their lands.

Sumerian religion

was depicted in the Epic of Gilgamesh

The earliest Sumerian cities were

Eridu, Nippur, and Uruk.

The emergence of the first cities occurred

as a warming cycle raised temperatures around the globe and expanded growing seasons.

The European drinking cup indicative of a warrior culture was

a bell-shaped cup.

The first territorial state was established

in Akkad by Sargon the Great.

The Nile River was characterized by which of the following?

predictable annual flood waters that could be dammed for their rich silt, thus helping

agriculture

What best answers why Aegean society was slow to develop cities?

scattered settlements separated by natural obstacles

What is the major difference between Harappan culture and other early river valley societies?

the lack of clear records of political structure

Which of the following statements about the invention of writing in Mesopotamia is TRUE?

Only a small percentage of the population learned to read and write.

Which was NOT a reason for the demise of Old Kingdom Egypt?

drought, which left the country's food supply devastated

Date of Hammurapi's Babylonia

2055-1650 BCE

Date of Minoan culture in the Aegean

1600-1046 BCE

Date of Shang State

2500 BCE-400 CE

Date of New Kingdom in Egypt

1500 BCE

Date of Vedic Migration into the Indus River Valley begins

1792-1750 BCE

date of Austronesian Migrations

2000-1600 BCE

Vedic migration into the Ganges River Valley begins

1000 BCE

Date of Middle Kingdom in Egypt

1550-1070 BCE

Early law codes such as Hammurapi's Code and the Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible had what in common?

religious or divine claims for the basis of laws

Merchants in Mesopotamian kingdoms

were able to trade with the Indus River Valley through sea routes.

Microsocieties of the Aegean and South Pacific were characterized by

dispersed communities that had limited interaction with others.

Minoan culture mixed imported and indigenous influences. Which of the following represents an indigenous trait?

worship of a female deity, known as the "Lady"

Mycenaean palace culture was dependent on

scribes, who recorded the goods and services allocated to local people.

The chief political innovation that marked the formation of the territorial state was

political power reaching out from the city into the distant hinterland.

The Egyptian deity whom the Middle Kingdom rulers elevated to prominence as a king of the gods was

Amun.

The Hittites established their dominance in Anatolia when they unified the

chariot aristocracies.

The Law Code of Hammurapi

divided society into three classes: freeman, dependent man, and slave.

The migrations of Austronesian-speaking people into the South Pacific occurred on

double-outrigger canoes.

The organizing principle of Shang state was

theocracy.

The Shang ruler's wealth and power were based on

tribute from elites within society and allies.

The success of the horse-drawn chariot relied on

harnessing horses, spoke-wheels, iron, and speed.

The Vedic people

mastered the use of plows with iron blades, which transformed the agrarian base of South Asia.

To help track the growing seasons, the Shang

developed a twelve-month, 360-day lunar calendar.

Trade networks in Egypt

allowed merchants to become wealthy and develop habits previously reserved for royalty.

Transhumant refers to

herders who move their herds seasonally between microenvironments.

Vedic migrations into South Asia resulted in

Vedic people bringing in pastoralism and adapting to settled agriculture.

violent expansion over hundreds of years.

the arrival of Sanskrit to the region.

new religious practices in the region, which were much more elaborate than indigenous worship.

Which best characterizes settlements in the Aegean world?

agrarian communities linked by trade and culture

Which of these groups of words are common in Indo-European languages?

father, mother, son, heart

Compared with earlier societies in Mesopotamia, women in the Neo-Assyrian society

had almost no control over their lives.

Darius, who succeeded Cyrus as ruler of the Persian Empire,

combined central and local administration to rule rather than forcing Persian customs on his subjects.

In the Neo-Assyrian state

many millions of peoples were forcibly relocated.

Monotheism

was made stricter in Judaism through a slow process of change.

Societies migrated in the first millennium BCE because of

a warming climate.

prolonged drought.

soil exhaustion.

invaders.

The collection of customary Vedic social sanctions codified into laws was called the

Upanishads.

The early Zhou state

achieved a balance between central authority and the power of local lords.

The main body of Vedic literature - the four Vedas - passed culture on from one age to the next. The four Vedas are

Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.

The Neo-Assyrian state was unstable because

discontent among nobles ultimately led to civil war.

The people of Judah

were a successor state to David and Solomon's Israelite kingdom.

The system of political legitimacy established by the Zhou dynasty was called

the mandate of heaven.

The Vedic people

established a long-distance trade network to ensure the ability to obtain horses.

The Zhou dynasty responded to decreasing political influence by means of

increasingly grandiose ceremonies.

Under whose rule did Athens become a naval powerhouse and defeat the Persians?

Themistocles

What was the cause of societal change in the first millennium BCE?

the creation of infrastructure of roads, garrisons, and relay stations.

Which civilization invented cuneiform?

The Phoenicians

Which of the following correctly characterizes the Persian Empire?

The Royal Road stretched some 1,600 miles and helped to unify the vast empire.

The Persians established way stations with fresh mounts and provisions along the Royal Road.

The Persians built underground tunnels that carried water long distances for use in irrigation.

The Persian capital at Persepolis was the focus of skilled craft workers from across the empire, who melded their distinct cultural influences into a new Persian architectural style.

Which of the following occurred in the eastern Mediterranean region between 1300 and 900 BCE?

The Sea Peoples arrived from central Europe, where they had been forced to migrate as a result of drought.

Women in the Neo-Assyrian state

lived highly restricted lives that emphasized complete male control over them.

Zoroastrianism asserted that

corpses were to be exposed to the elements where animals would devour them so that the earth would not be contaminated by death.

Alexander the Great and his father came from which territory?

Macedon

Asoka, a faithful follower of Buddhism

made dhamma a concept that all religious schools in South Asia followed, regardless of faith.

Carthage welcomed Hellenistic culture because

it facilitated communication and exchange, helping it trade with Phoenician colonies.

Cato the Elder

was devoted to the Roman past but used Greek for speech and writing.

Commerce on the Red Sea and Indian Ocean was more successful

because of larger ships, a better understanding of the monsoons, and celestial navigation.

Hellenistic cities were characterized by

cosmopolitanism.

Mahayana Buddhism

established the divinity of the Buddha.

Territorial states built roads to

trade and communicate.

The caravan city that became the most important western end for the Silk Road under the Romans was

Palmyra.

The common form of Greek identity that followed in the wake of Alexander the Great's armies was called

Hellenism.

The common language of Hellenism that united disparate peoples was

Koine Greek.

The Jews of Judea

adopted some aspects of Greek cultural life despite resistance by some members of the society.