CSP Course Vocabulary

Binary

Number system with base 2

Decimal

Number system with base 10

Bit

Smallest unit of data in computing

Byte

Group of 8 bits

Overflow Error

Error when a calculation exceeds the computer's capacity

Round-off Error

Error due to rounding during calculations

Analog Data

Continuous data representation

Digital Data

Discrete data representation

Sampling

Process of capturing and converting analog data to digital

Lossless Compression

Compression without loss of data quality

Lossy Compression

Compression with some loss of data quality

Intellectual Property

Legal rights over creations of the mind

Creative Commons

Licensing for creative works allowing sharing with conditions

Computing Device

Physical device capable of computing tasks

Computing System

Interconnected computing devices

Computing Network

Interconnected computing systems

Path

Route for data transmission

Bandwidth

Data transfer capacity of a network

Protocol

Set of rules for data exchange

IP Address

Unique identifier for devices on a network

Internet Protocol (IP)

Protocol for internet communication

Router

Device for directing data packets

Packet

Unit of data transmitted over a network

Redundancy

Duplication of critical components for reliability

Fault Tolerant

System's ability to continue operation despite failures

HTTP

Hypertext Transfer Protocol for web communication

Domain Name System (DNS)

System translating domain names to IP addresses

World Wide Web

Information space accessed via the internet

Digital Divide

Gap between those with and without internet access

User Interface

Point of interaction between user and system

Input

Data provided to a system

Output

Result produced by a system

Program Statement

Instruction in a program

Program

Set of instructions for a computer

Sequential Programming

Program execution in order

Event Driven Programming

Program execution based on events

Documentation

Information about a program's operation

Comment

Explanatory text in a program

Pair Programming

Collaborative programming by two individuals

Debugging

Identifying and fixing errors in a program

Development process

Steps followed in creating a program

Event

Occurrence triggering program response

Expression

Combination of values and operators

Assignment Operator

Symbol assigning a value to a variable

Variable

Storage location with a symbolic name

String

Sequence of characters

Boolean Value

True or false value

Comparison Operators

Symbols comparing values

Logical operator

Operator combining boolean values

Conditional Statement

Statement executing based on condition

Function

Reusable block of code

Function Call

Invoking a function to execute

Metadata

Data describing other data

Citizen Science

Public participation in scientific research

Cleaning Data

Process of preparing data for analysis

Correlation

Relationship between variables

Crowdsourcing

Obtaining input from a large group of people

Information

Organized data providing knowledge

Data bias

Systematic error in data collection

Data filtering

Process of selecting specific data

List

Ordered collection of elements

Element

Individual item in a list

Index

Position of an element in a list

Iteration

Repeating a process multiple times

Infinite loop

Loop that never terminates

Traversal

Visiting each element in a data structure

Data abstraction

Hiding complex details to simplify usage