Age of Enlightenment Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and themes from the Age of Enlightenment lecture notes.

Age of Enlightenment

A period marked by intellectual curiosity, individual liberty, and shifts in power dynamics in the Western world.

Divine Right

The belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God and are not accountable to their subjects.

Tudors

A dynasty known for strong leadership and maintaining a balance of power with Parliament in England.

Parliament's Resistance

The push by Parliament against the absolute power of kings, advocating for greater representation and rights.

Individual Rights

The belief in the inherent freedoms and entitlements of individuals, emphasized during the Age of Enlightenment.

John Locke

An influential Enlightenment thinker who advocated for individual liberty and limited government.

Taxation Without Representation

The principle that it is unjust to tax individuals without their consent or representation in the government.

Declaration of Independence

A document that proclaimed the American colonies' right to self-governance, inspired by Enlightenment ideals.

Absolutism

A political system in which a single ruler has absolute power over the government and its people.

The Printing Press

A technological advancement that made knowledge more accessible and fueled the intellectual growth during the Enlightenment.

Montesquieu

An Enlightenment thinker known for his ideas on the separation of powers and checks and balances in government.

Voltaire

An influential writer and philosopher who advocated for civil liberties and freedom of speech during the Enlightenment.

Constitutionalism

A political philosophy that advocates for a government limited by a constitution, ensuring individual rights.

Reason and Critical Thinking

Essential components of Enlightenment thought, challenging traditional authority and promoting individual thought.

Progress and Innovation

The advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts that emerged during the Age of Enlightenment, shaping modern society.

Puritan Dissent

Resistance from Puritans against James I's attempts to impose uniformity in worship, adding to the conflict with Parliament.