Module 6_ Intense Review - Google Docs

Module 6 Review - Liberty University Online Academy

What is an amphoteric substance?

A substance that can accept or donate hydrogen ions and act as either a base or an acid.

What is an aqueous solution?

A homogeneous mixture of water and one or more other dissolved particles.

Define Arrhenius acid.

A compound that gives off hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

Define Arrhenius base.

A compound that gives off hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions.

What is boiling point elevation?

When a solute is added to a solvent, causing the boiling point of that solution to increase.

What does Brønsted-Lowry acid refer to?

The molecule/ion that donates the hydrogen ion in a reaction.

What is a Brønsted-Lowry base?

The molecule/ion that accepts the hydrogen ion in a reaction.

What is a conjugate acid?

The particle produced when the base accepts a proton (H+).

What is a conjugate base?

The particle produced when the acid donates a proton (H+).

Define colligative property.

A property that is dependent on the number of solute particles, but not on the type of solute.

What does it mean if a solution is concentrated?

It has a large amount of dissolved solute.

How do you define concentration in a solution?

A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a specific volume of solvent or solution.

What is a dilute solution?

A solution with a relatively small amount of dissolved solute.

What is dissolution?

The process of a substance breaking apart into its respective ions.

Define electrolyte.

A compound that conducts electricity when in solution or melted.

What is the equivalence point in a neutralization reaction?

The point where the number of moles of [H+] is equal to the number of [OH-].

What is freezing point depression?

When a solute is added to a solvent, causing the freezing point of that solution to decrease.

What is a hydronium ion?

H3O+.

Define immiscible liquids.

Two or more liquids that do not mix.

What is an indicator in chemistry?

A special paper or solution that changes color in presence of an acid or a base.

Define Lewis acid.

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

What is a Lewis base?

A substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond.

What is litmus paper?

A type of indicator paper that changes color depending on acid or base presence.

Define miscible liquids.

Two or more liquids that do mix.

What is molality (m)?

Moles of solute divided by kg of solvent.

What is molarity?

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution; also called molar concentration.

What is a monoprotic acid?

An acid with only one ionizable hydrogen.

What is a neutralization reaction?

A reaction in which an acid and a base react to produce salt and water.

Define non-electrolyte.

A compound that does not conduct electricity in solution or melted.

What is a non-volatile liquid?

A liquid that is slow to evaporate.

What is percent by mass?

A ratio of solute mass compared to solution mass multiplied by 100.

What is pH?

The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentrations.

What is the pH scale?

A scale ranging from 1 to 14 indicating how acidic or basic a solution is.

What is a polyprotic acid?

An acid with more than one ionizable hydrogen.

What is pOH?

The negative log of the hydroxide ion concentration.

Define solute.

The substance that dissolves in the solvent.

What is a solution?

A solute is dissolved homogeneously in a solvent.

What is solvation?

The process in which individual ions are dissolved.

Define solvent.

The substance in which the solute is dissolved.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution which has the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

What is a seed crystal?

A small crystal of solute.

Define solubility.

The quantity of a substance that can be dissolved in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature.

What is a solubility curve?

A graph of temperature versus solubility.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

What is stoichiometry?

The application of the laws of conservation of mass and definite proportions to calculate reactant or product quantities.

Define a strong acid.

An acid that is completely ionized in an aqueous solution.

What is a strong base?

A base that is completely ionized in an aqueous solution.

What is titration?

An experiment where a known concentration solution is added to another to determine concentration.

What is an unsaturated solution?

A solution which contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved.

Define volatile.

A substance that evaporates quickly.

What is vapor pressure depression?

When a solute is added to a solvent, causing the vapor pressure of that solution to decrease.

What is a volatile liquid?

A liquid that quickly evaporates.

What is a weak base?

A base that only ionizes slightly in an aqueous solution.

What is a weak acid?

An acid that only ionizes slightly in an aqueous solution.