PE HRA

Axial skeleton

Axial skeleton

• consists of the parts near the skeletal axis:

• skull

• vertebral column

• the ribs

• the sternum

Appendicular skeleton

• consits of:

• upper and lower extremities

• pelviv gridle

• pectorla gridle

Types of bones

• long bone: long and thin (fingers)

• short bones: roughly cube shape bones (wrist)

• flat bones: thin bones (skull)

• sesamoid bones:located inside tendons (knee)

Joint

the connection between bones in the body

Muscle characteristics

• contractility: the ability of muscles to shorten

• extensibility: the ability of muscles to lengthen

• elasticity: the ability of muscles to return to normal size

• atrophy: the wasting away of muscle tissue

• hypertrophy: the increase in size of muscle

Types of muscles

• smooth muscle: a person can not physically will them to move (involuntary muscle)

• cardiac muscle: also involuntary; muscle in the heart

• skeletal muscle: voluntary muscles that allow you to control the movements in you body

Blood pH

The acidity or alkalinity of blood. The average pH is 7.35-7.45.

electrical impulse

• the messages carried by the neurons

• to create an electrical impulse your neurons have to be excited

• stimuli such as light and sound excite you neurons

• chemicals released by other neurons will trigger a nerve impulse

Homeostasis

maintaining a constant internal environment

Dynamic exercise

any exericse involving joint movement

Static exercise

a form of training where the body performs little to no movement while contracting muscle fibers

V02max

the measurement of the maximum amount of oxygen which someone can use during intense exercise

force

A push or pull upon a object resulting from the objects interaction with another object

Speed

the rate at which an object covers distance

velocity

the rate at which an object changes its position

displacement

an objects change in position from the original position

acceleration

the rate at which an object changes its velocity

momentum

the quantity of motion that an object has

impulse

the product of the force acting on a body and the time interval during which the force is exerted

intrinc

A property of a system or of a material itself or within

extrinsic

a property that is not essential or inherent.

standard deviation

the meausre that is used to quantify the amount of variation of dispersion of a set of data values

mean

the average that is used to derive the central tendency

spread of data

describes how similar or varied the set of observed values

Coefficient of variation

a standardized measure of dispersion of a probability distribution or frequency distribution.

Body composition

An analysis of the percentage of stored fat in a body as compared to lean mass.

Cardio-respiratory fitness

The ability of the body's circulatory and respiratory systems to supply fuel and oxygen during sustained physical activity.

Flexibility

The range of motion of your joints or the ability of your joints to move freely.

Muscular endurance

The ability of a muscle or group of muscles to sustain repeated contractions against a resistance for an extended period of time.

Strength

The maximal force you can apply against a load.