Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats- a genetic system found in bacteria that has been adapted for use as a gene editing tool.
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GMO
Genetically Modified Organism- an organism whose DNA has been artificially altered using genetic engineering techniques.
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Genetic engineering
________ is the process of modifying an organism's DNA using biotechnology techniques.
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Cas9 enzyme
The ________ is a bacterial endonuclease that splices DNA at a specific point.
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CaCl
________ changes the charge on the bacteria membrane in order for it to take up DNA.
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Primers
________: Short DNA molecules that serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis in PCR and other molecular biology techniques.
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Gene therapy
________: A therapeutic approach that involves the use of genetic engineering techniques to correct genetic disorders by replacing, removing, or adding genes to a patient's cells.
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PCR
________: Polymerase Chain Reaction- a laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences.
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Sanger Method
________: A DNA sequencing method that involves the use of ddNTPs to terminate DNA synthesis, creating a series of fragments that can be read to determine the nucleotide sequence of the original DNA template.
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sgRNA
The ________ is the guide RNA that is cutomized for the target (it also contains CRISPR RNA crRNA)
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Genetic engineering
A technique that involves the manipulation of an organism's DNA to introduce or remove specific genes and create desired traits
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rDNA
Recombinant DNA is a molecule that has been artificially created by combining genetic material from different sources
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Transformation
The process of introducing foreign DNA into a bacterial cell by making it competent to take up DNA from the surrounding environment
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Transfection
The process of introducing foreign DNA into a eukaryotic cell by using a chemical agent or an electric field to create temporary pores in the cell membrane
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Transduction
The process of introducing foreign DNA into a bacterial cell using a virus as a vector to transfer the genetic material
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Gene therapy
A therapeutic approach that involves the use of genetic engineering techniques to correct genetic disorders by replacing, removing, or adding genes to a patient's cells
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Bioinformatics
The application of computer science and statistical methods to analyze and interpret biological data
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Gene sequencing
The process of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
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Human Genome Project
A collaborative scientific project that aimed to sequence and map the entire human genome
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Genome
The complete set of genetic material (DNA) present in an organism
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Sanger Method
A DNA sequencing method that involves the use of ddNTPs to terminate DNA synthesis, creating a series of fragments that can be read to determine the nucleotide sequence of the original DNA template
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Gene editing
The process of making precise changes to an organism's DNA sequence using molecular tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9
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Cas9
A bacterial enzyme that can cut DNA at specific target sequences
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Guide RNA
A small RNA molecule that guides the Cas9 enzyme to the target DNA sequence
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Donor DNA
A DNA molecule used to introduce new genetic material into an organism
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Off-target effects
The unintended cutting of DNA at sites other than the intended target site, leading to potential adverse effects
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Homology-directed repair
A DNA repair mechanism that uses a donor DNA molecule to repair a double-stranded DNA break by copying the missing sequence from the donor DNA
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Gel electrophoresis
A laboratory technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size and charge by running them through a gel matrix
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Primers
Short DNA molecules that serve as a starting point for DNA synthesis in PCR and other molecular biology techniques
Studied by 21 people
