Trauma NREMT up

Signs of internal bleeding

Pain, Local swelling, Tenderness, Bruising, & rigid/distended abdomen

Rules of nine in Ped

-Head: 12%

-Legs: 16.5%

Rules of nine in infant

-Head: 18%

-Legs: 13.5%

Increased ICP Signs & Symptoms

Treatment

-Cushing triad: (Hypertension, Bradycardia, & irregular respirations) & Dilated or unequal pupils

-Elevate head 15-30 degrees, supportive care, & RT

How to treat penetrating neck injury

Secure airway, maintain C-spine, & Control bleed w/ direct pressure & Occlusive dressing (4 sides)

Types of burns

-Superficial: turns red & no blisters

-Partial-Thickness: Turns Red/white, moist skin, & blisters

-Full-Thickness: Turns White/Charred, dry skin & leathery w/ no pain

Sprain

Strain

-Ligaments are stretched or torn

-Muscle or tendon are stretched or torn

Start Triage

1)Call out to all pts & direct them to landmark away from ambulance (considered green/yellow)

2) Go to nonambulatory pts & assess respiratory status

-If breathing less than 10 or more than 30 breath/min, Triage RED

-If breathing between 10-29 breath/min move on to step 3

-If Apneic, open airway, if still not breathing Triage BLACK & if they begin to breath Triage RED & place in recovery pos.

3) Check for bilateral radial pulses- Absent pulse implies hypotension Triage RED-Present pulse move to step 4

4) Assess pt ability to follow commands-Unconscious or cannot follow commands Triage RED-Follows commands triage YELLOW

Jumpstart Triage

1) Take Infants/children that can't walk are to treatment area

2) Check if pt is breathing

-Apneic but pulse: open airway, if still apneic give 4 rescue breaths, if still apneic triage BLACK

3) Assess RR

-Breathing less than 15 or more than 45 Triage RED & move on to next pt

-Breathing within 15-45 move on to 4

4) Check distal pulse

-Absent pulse, triage RED

-Present pulse, move to 5

5) Neurological status AVPU

-Pt who is Unresponsive, responds to pain by posturing or incomprehensible sounds, or unable to localize pain is triaged RED-Pt who localizes pain, withdraws from pain, or is alert is triaged YELLOW

When & How is rapid extrication performed

When: pt has life-threatening condition

How: Manually stabilize head, slide backboard under pt ass, & remove pt

When & how is emergency move performed

When: you or pt life is in imminent danger

How: Grab pt clothes & drag them out while trying to protect spine as much as possible

Croup

Counter-croup

-injury occurs at the site of impact

- injury occurs at opposite side of impact

Primary blast injury

Secondary blast injury

-Injuries from blast itself

-Injuries from being struck by flying debris

Tertiary blast injury

Quaternary blast injury

-Injuries from being thrown by force of explosion

-Miscellaneous injuries; burns, Respiratory injuries, poisoning

Arterial bleeding

Venous bleeding

Capillary bleeding

-Spurting bright red blood

-Steady flow of dark red blood

- Oozing Dark red blood

How do you treat a patient in the water still

Reach, Throw, Row, & Go

How do you treat External bleeding

Direct pressure then tourniquet

How to treat amputation

Tourniquet, Wrap part in moist sterile dressing, place in plastic bag, & place bag on ice.

When can you remove impaled object

If compromises airway or interferes with chest compressions

How to treat burns

- 1st & 2nd degree: Moist sterile dressing

-3rd degree: dry sterile dressing

What happens If C1-C5 becomes fractured

It causes diaphragm paralysis ( cant breathe)

How much blood is in the average adult

6 liters

After securing a dressing over a stab wound to the stomach, you believe the patient's organs could squeeze out of the injury site. Whats the best way to prevent it from happening

Have pt flex knees slightly (reduces tension on abdomen)