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Gazette of US 1789
Newspaper that supported Federalist ideas
National Gazette
Newspaper that supported Jeffersonian ideas
Whiskey Rebellion
Gov made excise tax on whiskey
Philadelphia refused to follow
George Washington sent troops to stop rebellion
succeeded
Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington’s resignation
said no permanent alliances should happen with distance nations
he had a problem with political parties
Quasi War
Fake war between French and Us
French was attacking US ships taking their cargo and sailors
XYZ Affair
Because of Quasi War happening US Sent people to talk with France
French sent X,Y,Z to talk with US people
French said US had to pay $250,000 to even talk about it
US upset and Federalist wanted war
Adams threatened to leave position
Nationalist
Wanted congress to tax states
Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Robert Morris
wanted congress to pass Impost Act 1781
Impost of 1781
Wanted Congress to collect 5% tax on imported goods sold in states
Rhode Island said no (wasn’t unanimous)
Articles of Confederation impacted by unanimous decision and congress no taxation
Localists
Wanted states to have more power
Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson
Newburgh Conspiracy 1782
Ex soldiers wanted to protest the government because they didn’t get paid for their work
Articles of Confederation impacted by military matters and congress not being able to tax
George Washington had to beg them to not do it for it to stop
Jay- Gardoqui Treaty 1786
allowed merchants to trade directly with Spain
US couldn’t use the Mississippi River for 25 years
Articles of Confederation impacted by Foreign Affairs and Interstate Affairs
Baron de Montesquieu
Wrote Spirt of the Laws (1748)
gov. couldn’t flourish in large territory
if people lose control then they will be controlled by tyrants
Distance allowed for corruption
Federalist Papers #10
Wrote by James Madison and disagreed with Baron de Montesquieu’s Spirt of the Laws
Annapolis Convention 1786
5 states sent delegates to discuss the people’s upset with Articles of confederation
Only thing they decided was to meet in Philadelphia in May of 1787
Shay’s Rebellion
Farmers rebelled in Massachusetts because taxes and interest rates were up
When banks foreclosed on the farmers, Daniel Shay lead the rebellion to march to Springfield
Congress didn’t have the funds to form military and had to have wealthy Bostons pay for it
State Consittutions
May 1776 states started adopting own Constitutions
Rights
Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press
Protect unlawful searches and seizures
Reduced power of Governor
Power to legislatures
Power was given to the people through voting
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Property
Articles of Confederation
Nov. 1777
Unicameral Legislature
Annually selected by state legislature
Each got 1 vote
Have 2-7 delegates (if tie vote state lost vote so sent odd #)
Congress had no tax power
Unanimous decision to amend constitution
Gov. Handles foreign relations, military matters, Indian affairs, and interstate affairs
John Dickson
Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
July 12, 1776
Loose Confederation
Western States and land under federal government
Equal state representation
taxes paid to congress based on population
Land Ordinance 1785
People were allowed to buy land West of 13 colonies
got 640 acres for $640 (Had to buy all and pay in full)
was expensive so whole families bought them together
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Allowed Statehood
3-5 territories together got: Governor, 3 Judges, Secretary, Trial by Jury, due process, OUTLAWED SLAVERY (could change once becoming state
5000 white male land owners together could Elect an Assembly, Governor had veto power
60,000 white male land owners could Petition for Statehood and Write Constitution
Philadelphia Convention
1787 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss problems with the articles
Had no newspaper there
Rhode Island didn’t send anyone
Had only Practical me there (lawyers, merchants, and planters)
No slave, lower class, or women representation
Virginia Plan
James Madison wrote it
Said
Bicameral legislature
One elected by the people and one chosen by 1st house from nominations from states
Representation proportioned by population
Executive elected by Congress
Gave bigger states more power
New Jersey Plan
William Patterson Created
Said
Unicameral Legislature
Each state got 1 vote
Congress could tax and regulate trade
Gave small states equal power to bigger
Great Compromise
Senate-equal representation between states
House of Representatives- proportionate to state population
Handled money issues
1 representative per 30,000 people
3/5 Rule
For every 5 slaves they equaled 3 people for population count for House of Representatives
Slave Trade
North didn’t want slavery, but south threatened to leave convention if it was discussed about outlawing it
Need 2/3 majority for trade laws to be passed
Slave trade wouldn’t be interfered with until 1808
Committee of Detail
Executive Branch
President, Vice president, and Cabinet
Elected by electoral college
2nd largest vote got vice president
House of Rep decided ties
Executive have VETO power
Electoral College
Federalists
Wanted Diverse Econ. (multiple ways of making money)
Sided with Great Britain
Ok with debt
Loose construction of constitution
Cities
Wealthy class govern
Jeffersonians
Agricultural Bases Econ
Side with France
No large Debt
Strict construction of constitution
Rural
Common Folk
Judiciary Act of 1789
Created Supreme Court
court of appeals
judicial branch added to gov
Chief Justice and 5 associate judges
Created 13 district courts
Tariff of 1789
5% tax on all imports
same as Impost Act
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist
Head of Department of the Treasury
apart of executive cabinet
wrote Report on Public Credit, Report on the Bank, and Report on Manufacturers
Report on Public Credit
America was in Debt $54 million
Solution was to have US pay all obligations at FULL face value
Sold bonds in gov. stock
Federal gov. would take all states remaining debt
Problems
some saw this as reducing the power of the states
Mass/SC already paid off debts
Report on the Bank
Created National Bank Jan 1791
place for Federal gov to keep money without states being in control
could issue a currency
80% private 20% public
Problems
private controlled bank
wealthy got advantage
nothing about it in constitution
Implied Powers
Implied government had power over laws
Loose construction of the constitution
Report on Manufacturers
Said gov should stimulate manufacturing in econ
would free US from Eur
Diversify Econ
Would protect own industry with Protective tariffs and Industrial boundaries
DID NOT PASS because Jeffersonians had big pro
Proclamation of Neutrality 1793
Said US stayed out of Political affairs
Would trade with other countries during war as long as they respected neutrality
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Britain was attacking American ships and taking their cargo and sailors
US wanted compensation from it
Rest of world thought this was an alliance between US and Britain
Battle of Fallen Timbers
August 20,1794
Anthony Wayne was sent to Ohio Valley to deal with natives
Came up with Treaty of Greenville
Said Ohio went to US
allowed for people to move out west without problems with natives
Pinkey’s Treaty 1795
Spain offered to open up trade by Mississippi River
Americans could deposit goods in New Orleans
US promised to stay out of Indian Affairs