APUSH Unit 2 Quiz 1

Gazette of US 1789

• Newspaper that supported Federalist ideas

National Gazette

• Newspaper that supported Jeffersonian ideas

Whiskey Rebellion

• Gov made excise tax on whiskey

• Philadelphia refused to follow

• George Washington sent troops to stop rebellion

  • succeeded

Washington’s Farewell Address

• Washington’s resignation

  • said no permanent alliances should happen with distance nations

  • he had a problem with political parties

Quasi War

• Fake war between French and Us

• French was attacking US ships taking their cargo and sailors

XYZ Affair

• Because of Quasi War happening US Sent people to talk with France

  • French sent X,Y,Z to talk with US people

    • French said US had to pay $250,000 to even talk about it

  • US upset and Federalist wanted war

    • Adams threatened to leave position

Nationalist

Wanted congress to tax states

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, Robert Morris

wanted congress to pass Impost Act 1781

Impost of 1781

Wanted Congress to collect 5% tax on imported goods sold in states

• Rhode Island said no (wasn’t unanimous)

  • Articles of Confederation impacted by unanimous decision and congress no taxation

Localists

Wanted states to have more power

Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson

Newburgh Conspiracy 1782

Ex soldiers wanted to protest the government because they didn’t get paid for their work

• Articles of Confederation impacted by military matters and congress not being able to tax

George Washington had to beg them to not do it for it to stop

Jay- Gardoqui Treaty 1786

allowed merchants to trade directly with Spain

US couldn’t use the Mississippi River for 25 years

• Articles of Confederation impacted by Foreign Affairs and Interstate Affairs

Baron de Montesquieu

Wrote Spirt of the Laws (1748)

• gov. couldn’t flourish in large territory

• if people lose control then they will be controlled by tyrants

• Distance allowed for corruption

Federalist Papers #10

Wrote by James Madison and disagreed with Baron de Montesquieu’s Spirt of the Laws

Annapolis Convention 1786

5 states sent delegates to discuss the people’s upset with Articles of confederation

Only thing they decided was to meet in Philadelphia in May of 1787

Shay’s Rebellion

Farmers rebelled in Massachusetts because taxes and interest rates were up

When banks foreclosed on the farmers, Daniel Shay lead the rebellion to march to Springfield

• Congress didn’t have the funds to form military and had to have wealthy Bostons pay for it

State Consittutions

May 1776 states started adopting own Constitutions

Rights

• Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press

• Protect unlawful searches and seizures

• Reduced power of Governor

• Power to legislatures

Power was given to the people through voting

Natural Rights

Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Property

Articles of Confederation

• Nov. 1777

• Unicameral Legislature

• Annually selected by state legislature

  • Each got 1 vote

  • Have 2-7 delegates (if tie vote state lost vote so sent odd #)

• Congress had no tax power

• Unanimous decision to amend constitution

• Gov. Handles foreign relations, military matters, Indian affairs, and interstate affairs

John Dickson

Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

• July 12, 1776

  • Loose Confederation

  • Western States and land under federal government

  • Equal state representation

  • taxes paid to congress based on population

Land Ordinance 1785

People were allowed to buy land West of 13 colonies

• got 640 acres for $640 (Had to buy all and pay in full)

  • was expensive so whole families bought them together

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Allowed Statehood

3-5 territories together got: Governor, 3 Judges, Secretary, Trial by Jury, due process, OUTLAWED SLAVERY (could change once becoming state

5000 white male land owners together could Elect an Assembly, Governor had veto power

60,000 white male land owners could Petition for Statehood and Write Constitution

Philadelphia Convention

1787 55 delegates met in Philadelphia to discuss problems with the articles

• Had no newspaper there

• Rhode Island didn’t send anyone

• Had only Practical me there (lawyers, merchants, and planters)

  • No slave, lower class, or women representation

Virginia Plan

• James Madison wrote it

• Said

  • Bicameral legislature

  • One elected by the people and one chosen by 1st house from nominations from states

  • Representation proportioned by population

  • Executive elected by Congress

• Gave bigger states more power

New Jersey Plan

• William Patterson Created

• Said

  • Unicameral Legislature

  • Each state got 1 vote

  • Congress could tax and regulate trade

• Gave small states equal power to bigger

Great Compromise

• Senate-equal representation between states

• House of Representatives- proportionate to state population

  • Handled money issues

  • 1 representative per 30,000 people

3/5 Rule

• For every 5 slaves they equaled 3 people for population count for House of Representatives

Slave Trade

• North didn’t want slavery, but south threatened to leave convention if it was discussed about outlawing it

• Need 2/3 majority for trade laws to be passed

• Slave trade wouldn’t be interfered with until 1808

Committee of Detail

• Executive Branch

  • President, Vice president, and Cabinet

  • Elected by electoral college

  • 2nd largest vote got vice president

  • House of Rep decided ties

  • Executive have VETO power

Electoral College

Federalists

• Wanted Diverse Econ. (multiple ways of making money)

• Sided with Great Britain

• Ok with debt

• Loose construction of constitution

• Cities

• Wealthy class govern

Jeffersonians

• Agricultural Bases Econ

• Side with France

• No large Debt

• Strict construction of constitution

• Rural

• Common Folk

Judiciary Act of 1789

• Created Supreme Court

  • court of appeals

  • judicial branch added to gov

  • Chief Justice and 5 associate judges

• Created 13 district courts

Tariff of 1789

• 5% tax on all imports

  • same as Impost Act

Alexander Hamilton

• Federalist

• Head of Department of the Treasury

  • apart of executive cabinet

• wrote Report on Public Credit, Report on the Bank, and Report on Manufacturers

Report on Public Credit

• America was in Debt $54 million

  • Solution was to have US pay all obligations at FULL face value

  • Sold bonds in gov. stock

  • Federal gov. would take all states remaining debt

    • Problems

    • some saw this as reducing the power of the states

    • Mass/SC already paid off debts

Report on the Bank

• Created National Bank Jan 1791

  • place for Federal gov to keep money without states being in control

  • could issue a currency

  • 80% private 20% public

    • Problems

    • private controlled bank

    • wealthy got advantage

    • nothing about it in constitution

Implied Powers

• Implied government had power over laws

• Loose construction of the constitution

Report on Manufacturers

• Said gov should stimulate manufacturing in econ

• would free US from Eur

• Diversify Econ

• Would protect own industry with Protective tariffs and Industrial boundaries

• DID NOT PASS because Jeffersonians had big pro

Proclamation of Neutrality 1793

• Said US stayed out of Political affairs

• Would trade with other countries during war as long as they respected neutrality

Jay’s Treaty 1794

• Britain was attacking American ships and taking their cargo and sailors

• US wanted compensation from it

• Rest of world thought this was an alliance between US and Britain

Battle of Fallen Timbers

• August 20,1794

• Anthony Wayne was sent to Ohio Valley to deal with natives

• Came up with Treaty of Greenville

  • Said Ohio went to US

  • allowed for people to move out west without problems with natives

Pinkey’s Treaty 1795

• Spain offered to open up trade by Mississippi River

• Americans could deposit goods in New Orleans

• US promised to stay out of Indian Affairs