\-Deterministic= deny that we have any free will e.g. "anatomy is destiny", and therefore our behaviour is assumed to be directed by our biological sex, meaning that females are destined to be caregivers, and males to be competitive/aggressive, regardless of our personal preferences/goals... \n \n -Reductionist= simplify a complex behaviour such as gender to the simplest underlying biological mechanisms, may leading to the complexity of gender being ignored e.g. the role of cultural and media influences. \n \n -Mead showed cross cultural diversity in gender roles = refutes the biological explanation of gender i.e. sex differences are universal, and if these are the causes of gender differences, gender differences should be universal too. \n \n -Gender roles have changed over time =refutes the biological explanation of gender i.e. sex differences are constant over time, so if these are the causes of gender differences, gender differences should be universal too.