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John Dickson
Led the committee to plan a permanent union of states
Daniel Shay
Former military officer, who in 1786 led an army of farmers and debtors that forced several courts in western Massachusetts to close down, in order to prevent further foreclosure
Alexander Hamilton
of New York, along with James Madison, urged The Annapolis Convention to call upon all the states to send delegates to a meeting the following year in Philadelphia
James Madison
Perhaps the most important member of the Convention, who later became know as the Father of the convention
Jonathan Dayton
The youngest delegate of the Constitutional Convention
Edmund Randolph
Of Virginia, proposed the Virginia Plan
William Peterson
Of New Jersey, proposed the New Jersey or small state plan
Noah Webster
Wrote the History of the United States
Isaac Backus
Leader of the Baptists of Michigan, and was the most influential figure in the long battle for religious freedom in Massachusetts
John Leland
Virginia's most influential leader
Alexis de Tocqueville
Came to America in 1831, who was One of the greatest political thinkers of the Modern Age, and published democracy of America in 1833
Bicameral legislature
Two-house legislature
Articles of Confederation
Established a confederacy or "a firm league of friendship" adopted in Nov, of 1777
Confederacy
The central government is subordinate to local governments and has only the powers they grant it
Northwest Territory
The area bounded by the Ohio, the Mississippi and the Great Lakes
Land Ordinance
of 1785, provided for the entire Northwest Territory to be surveyed and divided into townships
Northwest Ordinance
of 1787, provided for the gradual development of self-government as enough people move into the territory to make it feasible
Shay's Rebellion
When former military officer Daniel Shay led a rebellion against Massachusetts, because of there high taxes
"Critical period"
The years during which the Articles of Confederation served as a basis for America's national government
Constitutional Convention
Composed What has been called "the most distinguished assembly which America has ever seen"
Great Compromise
AKA Connecticut Compromise, is called that because it probably saved the Convention from failure
Virginia Plan
Which called for a bicameral legislature representation based on state population
New Jersey Plan
Which called for a Unicameral legislature with equal representation for all states
Connecticut Compromise
Called Connecticut because of the role that Connecticut delegates played in negotiating it, The terms stated that the government would consist of two houses The upper house (The senate) and the lower house (the house of representatives)
Federalists
Those who wanted the new constitution to be adopted
Anti-Federalists
Those who opposed the Constitution
Democratic republic
a form of government operating on principles adopted from a republic and a democracy
Bill of Rights
Ten amendments added to the constitution in 1791
Checks and Balances
The three branches of government check and balance each other so one does not become too powerful
Implied Powers
Powers not specifically mentioned in the Constitution but implied therein
Three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
1) At least nine states had to approve a measure before it could be passed by Congress 2) The central government had no executive of judicial branches 3) Congress lacked the power to tax and to preform essential duties
The size of a township and section in the Land Ordinance
Each township was six miles square, and was subdivided into 36 sections, each section consisting of one square mile
Five states carved out of the Northwest Territory
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin
The two most famous Americans to attend the Constitutional Convention
George Washington and Benjamin Franklin
The year of the Constitutional Convention
1787
The document called a "bundle of compromises"
The U.S. Constitution
The first and last states to ratify the Constitution
Delaware and New Hmapshire
The three branches of government
Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
The two states where the connection between church and state was the closest
Massachusetts and Connecticut
The religious group most harassed by established religion
Baptists
How did independence lead to greater social equality in America
It brought people more to the same class, therefore, they could relate more and have overall the same issues
Why were the Articles of Confederation considered too weak to effectively govern the new United States? Did the Articles accomplish anything constructive? Explain
Too many flaws/Not much/The weaknesses overpowered the "good" it did
Why are the years 1781-1789 called the "Critical Period"
During the time the newly independent former colonies were beset with a wide array of foreign and domestic problems
Explain the importance of each of the following: the Great Decision, the Great Compromise, and the Connecticut Compromise. Why was the Constitution called a "bundle of compromises"
The importance of the Great decision was that they were going nowhere and the Constitution is very important/Without the Compromise we wouldn't be where we are now/Is basically the Great Compromise/Because delegates had to give ground on numerous key points to create the Constitution
Compare the Federalists to the Anti-Federalists. Explain the positive and negative arguments of both groups. With which group would you agree the most? Why?
One wanted the Constitution and one did not/The federalists wanted the states to be closer and also saw the potential future of the government being strong and powerful, The Anti-Federalists were not opposed to the government becoming powerful but they did not think the constitution was the best answer.
Why is America not considered a true democracy? How can a democracy fail? Why is a democratic republic a better form of government
Because it is also part republic/If people are to selfish/a little bit of both never hurt anyone
Why did the Founding Fathers include a system of checks and balances, as well as a Bill of Rights, in the new government?
Because you should, and its necessary to learn from your mistakes
Why did colonial legislatures feel the need to include established religion in their constitutions? How does a proper separation of church and state encourage political freedom and true Christianity?
They felt that was best at the time/It helps everyone have peace and freedom to do what they want
Which two states did not draw up new state constitutions
Rhode Island and Connecticut
What legal provision first bound the 13 colonies together as one nation?
Articles of Confederation
