APUSH - PERIOD 2 VOCAB

Chesapeake

Colonial region that included Virginia and Maryland; chief economic commodity was tobacco.

North Carolina

Southern colony heavily involved in tobacco production.

Tobacco

Cash crop that allowed Jamestown to thrive.

John Smith

Established the first permanent English settlement in North America called Jamestown.

Indentured servants

Labor system where people would pay for their passage to the New World by working for an employer. Promised freedom after a certain number of years.

Bacon's Rebellion

A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley because he wouldn't let Bacon attack the aggressive natives who were attacking the people.

New England colonies

Colonial region consisting of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. Maine economic economic production was trade, lumber, and ship production. Known mostly for religious fervor.

Puritans

Group of religious fanatics that settled in New England. Ruled their colony theocratically.

"city on a hill"

A term coined by John Winthrop which said that their colony should be a model of perfection for the future.

Middle colonies

Colonial region that included Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware. Known for its demographic diversity and production of foodstuffs (wheat, rye).

Quakers

Those who broke from the Church of England for freedom of religion under William Penn.

Southernmost colonies

Colonial region that included the Carolinas and sometimes Virginia and Maryland. Focused intensely on making money and did so by growing cash crops (Rice, Indigo, Tobacco...NOT COTTON!)

British West Indies

Islands in the Caribbean that facilitated the largest number of slave importations to the New World. Sugar and other cash crops drove Caribbean economies.

Staple crops

Major trade crops to a specific area(potatoes, yams, maize, etc).

salutary neglect

Meaning "healthy neglect". Europe relaxed the enforcement of trade laws imposed on the colonies.

town meetings

Governmental procedures of the Puritans; only allowed attendance of full church members who were male.

colonial assemblies

Self-governments throughout the colonies that formed in an effort to govern locally. The most notable example was the House of Burgesses

King Philip's War

Bloody conflict between Native Americans led by 'King Philip' (Metacom) and New England Puritans. 1675.

Pueblo Revolt

Conflict between Pueblo peoples of the North American southwest and Spanish colonizers. Pueblos were upset with the Spaniards' consistent conversion attempts and religious domination.

Great Awakening

Religious revival that occurred in the colonies during the 1730s and 1740s. Led by ministers like Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, this revival led 'New Lights' to question authority of 'Old Lights' and old rules.

Enlightenment

Intellectual and political movement that stressed free will against religious determination. Most notable Enlightenment thinkers included; Locke, Benjamin Franklin; Rousseau, Montesquieu

Protestant evangelicalism

Christianity based on emotionalism and spirituality. It was part of the First Great Awakening. Evangelism was a reaction to the Enlightenment priority of rationalism over emotionalism and spirituality. Led by George Whitefield.

Mercantilism

An economic system that functions by having a mother country that profits off of the commercial activity of others.

Navigation Acts

Laws that Europe implemented in the colonies which said that the colonists could only ship certain products to England. (made colonists very salty)

Chattel slavery

View of slaves as on the same level as chattel (livestock). Emphasized the slave as property. Intensely dehumanizing attitude.

predestination

The idea that it is already determined before birth on whether or not you are going to heaven or hell.

John Rolfe

One of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony

House of Burgesses

Formed first in Virginia in 1619, it was the first legislative body in America. Later other colonies would adopt Houses of Burgesses

Pocahontus

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan who was banished for claiming that she can speak directly to God.

Congregational Church

Founded by separatists who felt that the Church of England retained too many Roman Catholic beliefs and practices. The Pilgrims were members of this church.

Dominion of New England

George and Cecilius Calvert

Halfway Covenant

Applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were the children of church members, but who hadn't achieved grace themselves. Allowed them to participate in some church affairs

Glorious Revolution

Headright

Parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres of land that were given to colonists who brought indentured servants into America

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden. Many colonists felt he was a dictator and that caused the colony to break down and for Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor

Massachusetts Bay Company

1629. King Charles gave the puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay Area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government

Mayflower Compact

1620. The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men of the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony

William Penn

Received a land grant from King Charles II in 1681, and used in to form a colony that would provide a haven for the Quakers. His colony, Pennsylvania, allowed religious freedom

New Amsterdam/New York

Belonged to the Dutch, but King Charles II gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York in 1664. When the British came to take the colony, the Dutch, who hated their Governor Stuyvesant, quickly surrendered to them. The Dutch took the colony in 1673, but the British retained it in 1674

Pequot War

Powhatan

Roger Williams

Maryland Toleration Act

Cotton Mather

George Whitefield

Gullah

The language slaves created to communicate with one another.

John Locke

John Peter Zenger

Published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but not found guilty. The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the colonies

Jonathan Edwards

Middle Passage

Primogeniture

The legal principle that the oldest son inherits all family property or land

Slave Codes

Stono Rebellion

Triangular Trade