Semester One Review

What does 'argentino/a' mean?

Argentinian.

What is the Spanish word for 'American'?

American.

What is the translation for 'Ecuadorian'?

Ecuadorian.

What is the meaning of 'hondureño/a'?

Honduran.

What is the Spanish term for 'Bolivian'?

Bolivian.

What is the Spanish word for 'Canadian'?

Canadian.

What is the Spanish word for 'Mexican' (masculine)?

Mexican (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Mexican' (feminine)?

Mexican (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Colombian' (masculine)?

Colombian (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Peruvian' (feminine)?

Peruvian (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Chilean' (masculine)?

Chilean (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Cuban' (feminine)?

Cuban (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Venezuelan' (masculine)?

Venezuelan (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Guatemalan' (feminine)?

Guatemalan (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Dominican' (masculine)?

Dominican (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Puerto Rican' (feminine)?

Puerto Rican (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'Nicaraguan'?

Nicaraguan.

What is the Spanish word for 'British' (masculine)?

British (masculine).

What is the Spanish word for 'French' (feminine)?

French (feminine).

What is the Spanish word for 'German' (masculine)?

German (masculine).

When is 'por' used to talk about time?

To express duration of time. Example: 'Estudié por dos horas.' (I studied for two hours.)

When is 'por' used to describe movement?

To express movement through space. Example: 'Caminamos por el parque.' (We walked through the park.)

When is 'por' used for means of transport or communication?

To express the means of transportation or communication. Example: 'Viajo por avión.' (I travel by plane.) or 'Hablamos por teléfono.' (We talked by telephone.)

When is 'por' used to indicate reason or cause?

To express the reason or cause of something. Example: 'Lo hice por amor.' (I did it for love.)

When is 'por' used for exchange or substitution?

To express exchange or substitution. Example: 'Te cambio mi libro por el tuyo.' (I'll exchange my book for yours.)

When is 'por' used for rates or measurements?

To express a rate or measurement. Example: 'Gano cincuenta dólares por hora.' (I earn fifty dollars per hour.)

When is 'por' used in passive voice?

To express the agent in a passive voice construction. Example: 'Fue escrito por Cervantes.' (It was written by Cervantes.)

When is 'por' used for indefinite time or location?

To express an indefinite point in time or location. Example: 'Está por aquí.' (It's around here.) or 'Nos vemos por la tarde.' (See you in the afternoon.)

When is 'por' used for motivation or 'on behalf of'?

To express motivation or to mean 'on behalf of'. Example: 'Voté por él.' (I voted for him.)

When is 'por' used to mean 'in favor of'?

To express 'in favor of' or 'for'. Example: 'Estoy por la paz.' (I am for peace.)

What is the main difference between 'ser' and 'estar'?

Ser is used for inherent qualities (DOCTOR: Description, Occupation, Characteristic, Time, Origin, Relation).
Estar is used for temporary states or locations (PLACE: Position, Location, Action, Condition, Emotion).

How do you form regular negative tú commands for -AR verbs?

Drop the 'o' from the 'yo' form of the present tense, then add 'es'. Example: 'No hables' (from 'hablar').

How do you form regular negative tú commands for -ER/-IR verbs?

Drop the 'o' from the 'yo' form of the present tense, then add 'as'. Example: 'No comas' (from 'comer'), 'No vivas' (from 'vivir').

What are the irregular negative tú commands for 'dar', 'ser', and 'ir'?

No des ('dar').
No seas ('ser').
No vayas ('ir').

What does 'preferir' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To prefer (e>ie changes)

What does 'querer' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To want, to love (e>ie changes)

What does 'empezar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To start, to begin (e>ie changes)

What does 'pensar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To think, to plan (e>ie changes)

What does 'cerrar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To close (e>ie changes)

What does 'entender' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To understand (e>ie changes)

What does 'perder' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To lose (e>ie changes)

What does 'sentir' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To feel, to regret (e>ie changes)

What does 'venir' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To come (e>ie changes)

What does 'tener' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To have (e>ie changes)

What does 'nevar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To Snow (e>ie changes)

What does 'mentir' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To lie (e>ie changes)

What does 'poder' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To be able to, can (o>ue changes)

What does 'dormir' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To sleep (o>ue changes)

What does 'volver' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To return (o>ue changes)

What does 'encontrar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To find (o>ue changes)

What does 'volar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To fly (o>ue changes)

What does 'recordar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To remember (o>ue changes)

What does 'costar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To cost (o>ue changes)

What does 'contar' mean? (stem-changing verb)

To count, to tell (o>ue changes)