African American History Honors Final Study Guide - Ernest Milton's Class 2425

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What is the definition of Antebellum?

Before the Civil War

What are Field Hands in the context of slavery?

The majority of the slave workforce

What are House Slaves?

Cooks, maids, butlers, and gardeners who were more closely supervised than other slaves.

How did Skilled Slaves differ from House Slaves?

More elite, such as carpenters and blacksmiths, and maintained plantation houses.

What characterizes Urban Slaves?

Domestic workers in larger southern cities who could purchase their own food and clothes.

What was the difference between Industrial Slaves and other types?

They worked in industries such as textile mills and some were paid.

How were Slave marriages conducted?

Not recognized by law; often performed as 'jumping the broom'.

What was noted about child mortality rates among enslaved children?

High infant mortality rate; about 50% died by age 5.

What justification was given for the exploitation of enslaved women?

Perceived power of slave masters and stereotypes about promiscuity.

What kinds of diseases were common among the enslaved?

Salmonella, hepatitis, diarrhea, and intestinal worms.

What was the relationship between smallpox and gonorrhea and race?

Could be spread from one race to another.

What role did traditional remedies play in slave health care?

Used to address health issues, passed down by women.

What was the significance of religion to enslaved people?

Helped endure slavery, despite being instructed to obey masters.

How was the institution of slavery perceived by slaveholders?

Paternalistic; seen as rescuing enslaved people from Africa.

What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Established that for every free state, there would be a slave state.

What did sectionalism refer to in 1800s America?

Loyalty to one's own region instead of the country as a whole.

What were the effects of the Mexican War of 1846-1848?

Heightened tensions regarding the extension of slavery into new territories.

What was Manifest Destiny?

The belief that Americans were destined to expand westward across the continent.

What did the Compromise of 1850 entail?

Balanced free and slave states; overturned the Missouri Compromise.

What did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 allow?

Allowed for the capture of escaped slaves and denied them a jury trial.

What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin?

A novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe that raised awareness about slavery.

What is the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

Introduced popular sovereignty for deciding slavery in the territories.

What event epitomized violence and conflict over slavery in Kansas?

Bleeding Kansas, marked by violent confrontations.

What was the role of the Republican Party formed in 1854?

Opposed the extension of slavery and attracted anti-slavery supporters.

What was concluded in the Dred Scott Decision of 1857?

Slaves were not citizens and could not sue in court.

What was the outcome of John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry?

Attempted to incite a slave rebellion but ended in failure.

What proclamation did Lincoln issue on January 1, 1863?

The Emancipation Proclamation, freeing slaves in rebel states.

What significance did the Civil War hold for the preservation of the Union?

Lincoln aimed to preserve the Union above all else.

What impact did Black troops have during the Civil War?

Initially rejected but later accepted into service, proving their capability.

Who was the first leader of the SCLC?

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 achieve?

Banned segregation in public places and discrimination in employment.

What event on August 28, 1963, was pivotal for the Civil Rights Movement?

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

What was the significance of the Little Rock Nine?

Their attempt to integrate a high school challenged segregation.

What does the term 'Black Codes' refer to?

Laws that restricted the rights of freedmen after the Civil War.

What played a role in the radicalization of SNCC in the 1960s?

Violence and lack of federal support in the civil rights movement.

Who was a prominent leader in the Albany Movement?

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who sought to desegregate the area.

What was the Freedom Summer of 1964 focused on?

Voter registration drives and civil rights activism in Mississippi.

What was established to monitor employment discrimination after the Civil Rights Act?

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).

Who was Emmett Till and why is he significant?

His lynching in 1955 became a catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement.

What was the outcome of the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

Declared that separate but equal was unconstitutional.

Which landmark case involved a challenge to literacy tests and voting rights?

Guinn v. United States.

What did the term 'desegregation' mean in the context of the Civil Rights Movement?

The process of ending the separation of races in public spaces.

Who was considered a key figure in advocating for civil rights through the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Rosa Parks.

What organization was formed to coordinate the Civil Rights Movement strategies?

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).

What issue did the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party address?

The seating of Black delegates at national conventions.

How did the Civil Rights Movement address economic disparities for African Americans?

By advocating for civil rights and equal job opportunities.

What did the Ku Klux Klan represent during the Reconstruction Era?

A white supremacist group that resisted civil rights for African Americans.

Who was Ida B. Wells and what was her contribution to civil rights?

A journalist who investigated and publicized lynching.

What did the term 'Jim Crow' refer to?

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920s?

A cultural movement that celebrated Black culture and arts.

What characterized the Red Summer of 1919?

A series of race riots and violence against Blacks in various cities.

What impact did World War II have on civil rights activism?

Increased awareness and demand for civil rights among African Americans.

What organization was established in response to increasing violence against African Americans?

The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People).

What was a shared goal of civil rights activists in the mid-20th century?

To achieve racial equality and end segregation.

How did the Civil Rights Movement influence later social justice movements?

It set a precedent for activism and civil rights advocacy.

What was the purpose of the Montgomery Improvement Association?

To coordinate the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

What was the result of the Supreme Court case, Loving v. Virginia?

It struck down laws banning interracial marriage.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 accomplish?

Prohibited racial discrimination in voting.

What was the role of women in the Civil Rights Movement?

They played crucial roles in organizing and leading efforts for equality.

What historical context led to the formation of the Black Panther Party?

A response to police brutality and systemic racism in the 1960s.

How did the Great Migration affect urban demographics in America?

Significantly increased the Black population in Northern cities.

What was the significance of Angela Davis in the Civil Rights Movement?

A prominent activist who advocated for prison reform and racial equality.