English final - semester 1 - 9th grade

define noun

A person, place, thing, or idea.

how to find a noun

look for people, places, things, or ideas, sometimes they’re proper nouns, but not always.

pronoun definition

It’s used in place of a noun or noun phrase to avoid repetition.

how to find a pronoun

Remember that it is in place of the noun or noun phrase, usually instead of a proper noun like a name or an organization or group of people.

define adjective

describes a noun or pronoun

how to find an adjective

Remember to look for the noun and then look at what word is describing it.

define adverb

It modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. (It tells how often, where and when.)

how to find an adverb

Remember that once you find the verb (action, feeling, or state) then find out what word describes it.

define verb

Word or word group that describes an action, feeling or state.

how to find a verb

Remember to find what the subject of the sentence is doing. It could be thinking or running or just being.

define conjunction

They join words or groups of words in a sentence.

how to find a conjunction

Remember that the conjunction always connects two words or phrases and sometimes comes after a comma.

define interjection

It expresses a strong emotion. It’s a short exclamation.

how to find an interjection

Remember that it is a short exclamation of excitement or shock and it normally ends in an exclamation point.

define preposition

It’s used before a noun, pronoun or gerund to show place, time or direction.

how to find a preposition

Remember to ask yourself where or when the action is taking place.

define declarative, and how to find

It makes a statement.

It ends with a period and just states a truth.

define interrogative, and how to find

Ask a question.

Ends in a question mark and asks something of/about someone/something.

define imperative, and how to find

Give a command or request.

Is gently/roughly telling/asking/demanding you to do something.

define exclamatory, and how to find

Expresses strong emotion.

Ends in a question mark, oftentimes dramatic, exciting, or alarming.

define subject, and how to find

The doer of the sentence, the main focus, the person in focus.

Ask yourself, who or what did something.

define action verb, and how to find

A physical act that accomplishes something (ex: thinking, running, climbing, not is or was)

Ask yourself “What did they do or what are they?”

define direct object, and how to find

The noun that is normally getting the verb acted upon them.

Answer the question: What or Whom

define indirect object, and how to find

The noun that is not receiving the action but

Answer the question:  To Whom or For Whom

define linking verb, and how to find

a state of being rather than an action.

Most common linking verbs are forms of the verb be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been

define predicate noun, and how to find

Always follows a linking verb

It renames the subject

define predicate adjective, and how to find

Always follows a linking verb

Describes or modifies the subject

be able to do parts of a sentence

S-AV

S-AV-DO

S-AV-IO-DO

S-LV-PN

S-LV-PA

do practice sheets

definition, how to find, and how to fix a fragment

Definition: A fragment happens when either a subject, verb, or complete thought is missing in a sentence.

Basically if it doesn’t make sense (if it doesn’t have a subject or verb)

Add either a subject, verb, or make it make sense.

definition, how to find, and how to fix a run on sentence

A run-on sentence is created when two or more independent clauses are placed together without proper punctuation or connectors. Connectors may be transition words or coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.

Look for transition words that are missing commas or just split the sentence in two.

Add a comma and conjunction Add a semicolon (; Create a separate sentence.

definition, how to find, and how to fix a comma splice

A comma splice is an error when two independent clauses are joined together with a comma. A comma is present , but the conjunction is nowhere to be found.

Look for extra commas connecting separate thoughts.

Add a conjunction Change the comma to a semicolon Create separate sentences

define conflict

Tension or argument between two things (your self, other people, groups)

define man vs man

A character is opposing another’s opinions, views, actions, etc.

define man vs nature

Conflict between a character and an act of nature (natural disaster, weather, etc)

define man vs self

When a character struggles with an issue internally like making a decision or struggling with right vs wrong, or overcoming their own nature

define man vs society

A person struggling with disagreeing or opposing with society or a group of people

define external conflict

Conflict that is between a character and an outside force.

define internal conflict

Conflict between a character and herself and her thoughts or emotions

define suspense

Using dramatic wording and withholding information or giving it very slowly to encourage anticipation or anxiety

define foreshadowing

When the author drops hints about something that will come later in the story

define tone

The way that words are spoken or the implication behind them, conveyed through the choice of words or or viewpoint of the character

define irony

The difference between expectation and reality

define dramatic irony

It’s when the audience knows that something’s happening but the character doesn’t

define situational irony

When you expect something to happen but something else does

define verbal irony

When you say say something and mean something totally different

define atmosphere

The mood or emotion that the reader shares with the character

plot, characters, and conflict in the sniper

The sniper attracts the attention of the sniper from the other roof and they shoot at each other, an armoured car pulls up and an informant talks to the man in the car, the sniper shoots them both, but gets hit himself, he tricks his enemy sniper and then manages to kill him, finally he rolls over the enemy body and finds out that it’s his brother.

The sniper, enemy sniper, man in the car, and the woman that’s the informer and also the other soldiers that aren’t specifically mentioned.

The sniper is struggling with a man to man conflict with the sniper on the other roof. They’re battling to the death.

plot, characters, and conflict in contents of a dead man’s pockets

The man is a workaholic and doesn’t want to go to the movies with his wife. He stays home to work when his important paper flies out the window of his apartment. He risks his life to traverse the ledge to save the paper, nearly dying in the process. He finally makes it back inside only to have the paper fly away again, but he finally realizes that the priorities he had set were not the correct ones and goes to find his wife.

The man and his wife.

The man is facing a man vs self conflict primarily. He is battling with the decision of focusing on his work or on his relationship with his wife. He is also battling with the decision of what to do when his important work paper flies away and figuring out how to get it, how not to die trying, and what priorities were really important.

plot and characters of my last dutchess

A duke has a portrait of his late wife, the Duchess, which he keeps hidden behind a curtain only he can open. He talks about it saying that the Duchess smiled and blushed too easily and treated everyone’s kindness the same, which made him jealous and angry. He felt insulted that she didn’t value his status above all else. Rather than talking to her about his feelings, he strongly implied executing her by saying something like “he gave commands and her smiles stopped” The duke speaks about this, showing no remorse. He then says he plans to marry another woman, treating marriage like a business deal. The poem ends with him pointing out a statue he owns, emphasizing his desire for control and power.

Fra pandalf - painter  Duke - main character  Dutchess - dead wife Claus of Innsbruck - sculptor of duke’s statue.

plot and characters of romeo and juliet

In Verona the montague and capulet families are feuding. Romeo and Juliet meet at a party and instantly fall in love despite being enemies by name. Friar Lawrence helps secretly marry them in hopes that it will end the conflict but trouble erupts when Tybalt kills Mercutio and Romeo kills Tybalt. Romeo is banished from Verona and Juliet is being forced to marry Paris so Juliet takes a potion to make her appear dead (following this whole plan the Friar cooked up). Romeo never receives the message explaining the plan and he believes Juliet is truly dead, so he poisons himself at her tomb. Juliet awakens, finds Romeo dead, and kills herself with his dagger. Their deaths finally cause the feuding families to make peace.

Romeo, Juliet, Tybalt, Mercutio, Benvolio, Friar Lawrence, Capulet, Lady Capulet, Montegue, Lady Montegue, Nurse, Prince Escalus, Paris, Friar John, Apothecary

who is Romeo and his personality traits

headstrong Montegue son Banished from Verona Will do anything for a girl he just met In the end killed himself because he didn’t know Juliet was faking her death

Bold Passionate strong-willed

who is juliet and her personality traits

A young Capulet daughter Faked her own death In the end kills herself because Romeo killed himself

Passionate Worried about the future Brave

who is tybalt and his personality traits

A Capulet Juliet’s cousin Gets in a fight and ends up getting killed

Head strong Arrogant

who is mercutio and his personality traits

Romeo’s friend, not a Montegue Was also killed in a street fight between the households

Easily angered Passionate hot-tempered

who is benvolio and his personality traits

Romeo’s cousin and good friend Follows Romeo around throughout the story, helping him and sending/giving messages to/for him.

Tender-hearted Helpful Loyal Passionate tag-along

who is friar lawrence and his personality traits

Creator of the whole fake your death thing Cared about R&J a lot Couldn’t get the message to Romeo in time

Wise Helpful but also lowkey stupid

who is capulet and his personality traits

Juliet’s father Protective of his only daughter and wants her to marry the perfect guy with high status and wealth

Opinionated Slightly singleminded Easily angered

who is lady capulet and her personality traits

Juliet’s mother Not really a huge figure throughout

Kind  Loving Wants what’s best for her daughter

who is montague and his personality traits

Romeo’s father Not a huge role

We really don’t know much about him

who is lady montague and her personality traits

Romeo’s mother Not a big role, besides that she literally dies from heartbreak at the end of the book

We don’t know much about her besides that she loved her son

who is the nurse and her personality traits

Is a motherly figure to Juliet and takes care of her Juliet often confides in her

Selfish Cares for Juliet but also only really wants what her parents want  Won’t defy authority but she’s not afraid to step on some toes

who is the prince and his personality traits

We don’t know much of his story other than he’s fed up with the capulet/montegue feud

Powerful High and mighty sometimes

who is paris and his personality traits

He really wants to marry Juliet and so does Capulet

A little ignorant self-seeking

who is friar john and his personality traits

We don’t know much other than he failed to get the

Selfless devoted

who is the apothecary and his personality traits

Sold Romeo his poison

Poor Desperate

plot and characters of dr heidegger’s experiment

Dr. Heidegger runs an experiment on his friends by giving them water from the fountain of youth but they don’t heed his warnings, become foolish in their youth, and then they decide in their immaturity to search for more water once they run out.

Dr. Heidegger and his 4 dinner guests

plot and characters of the gift of the magi

A poor couple sells their prized possessions to buy Christmas gifts for each other, but in the end each realizes that they need the sold items to use their new gifts.

The couple

plot and characters in the scarlet ibis

A young boy has a weak, sickly brother named Doodle and he pushes Doodle hard to be stronger, better, and do more, but in the end he pushes Doodle too far and it leads to his unfortunate demise.

Doodle, his brother/the narrator, their parents

definition of main idea

A one sentence summary of the plot.

definition of morals

Statements made by the narrator/author that teach a life lesson from the story.

definition of topics

An important one word subject revealed throughout the story.

definition of themes

A specific statement or message that a story is making about a topic

main idea, morals, topics, and themes from dr heidegger’s experiment

Dr. Heidegger runs an experiment on his friends by giving them water from the fountain of youth but they don’t heed his warnings, become foolish in their youth, and then they decide in their immaturity to search for more water once they run out.

Don’t envy what you don’t have Be grateful for every time in your life Don’t be greedy and hasty

Greed Envy Selfishness  ungratefulness

Dwelling in the past only ends poorly. A wise person learns from their mistakes.

main idea, morals, topics, and themes from the gift of the magi

A poor couple sells their prized possessions to buy Christmas gifts for each other, but in the end each realizes that they need the sold items to use their new gifts.

Be sacrificial with what you have Be generous Love the people in your life more that your possessions

Sacrifice Generosity Love

Sacrificing for others shows genuine love. Giftgiving comes from the heart.

main idea, morals, topics, and themes from the scarlet ibis

A young boy has a weak, sickly brother named Doodle and he pushes Doodle hard to be stronger, better, and do more, but in the end he pushes Doodle too far and it leads to his unfortunate demise.

Be grateful for the people in your life Don’t try to change who people are Check your pride

Pride  Selfishness Loss

Pride can be a wonderful and terrible thing.

define theme

A specific statement or message that a story is making about a topic

define universal theme

A theme that is found throughout literature because it can be understood by anyone, anytime.

define authorial intent

The meaning that an author wants you to grasp from their story

define moral

Statements made by the narrator/author that teach a life lesson from the story.

define explicit theme

Theme that is directly stated to the reader.

define implicit theme

Theme that is implied through details of the story.

define symbol

A person, place, thing, or idea that means something other than itself.

what makes a good claim

one clear, concise, carefully-worded sentence that summarizes the purpose of the text

what makes good evidence

Details with direct support from the text and it all has to match up with your thesis.

what makes good reasoning

Describing your evidence.

what makes a good conclusion

A sentence that restates the thesis/claim.

organization of a good paragraph thing

Claim, evidence, reasoning, evidence, reasoning, evidence, reasoning, conclusion

precise language

Using words that describe exactly what’s happening, being very descriptive and detailed. (Ex: “The dog was nice” or “The fluffy dog licked my hand as he sat and wagged his tail.”)

formal style

Don’t use contractions, emojis, slang, personal pronouns (I, me, we, they, us, you), and don’t talk about your paper in your paper

conventions

Basic grammar rules.