Pembangunan Politik dan Hubungan Etnik Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the lecture notes on political development and ethnic relations in Malaysia.

Communities Liaison Committee (CLC)

A committee established in January 1949 to foster understanding and cooperation among various ethnic groups in Malaysia.

Independence of Malaya Party (IMP)

Party founded by Dato’ Onn Jaafar in 1951, open to all ethnic groups, with the goal of achieving Malayan independence within 10 years.

Perikatan UMNO-MCA-MIC

A political alliance formed in 1952 between UMNO and MCA, later joined by MIC, to represent the interests of their respective ethnic communities and fight for independence.

United Malays National Organization (UMNO)

A major component party in the Barisan Nasional coalition, representing the Malay community and playing a key role in Malaysia's independence.

Malayan Chinese Association (MCA)

Established in 1949 to protect the social, economic, political, and cultural interests of the Chinese community in Malaya.

The Malayan Indian Congress (MIC)

Formed in 1946 to protect the social, economic, political, and cultural interests of the Indian community in Malaya.

Barisan Nasional (BN)

The coalition that replaced the Perikatan UMNO-MCA-MIC in 1974, expanding to include multiple component parties.

Pakatan Rakyat

A political alliance formed in 2008 consisting of PKR, DAP, and PAS, aimed at challenging the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition.

Pakatan Harapan

A political coalition formed in 2015, consisting of DAP, PKR, AMANAH, and PPBM, that successfully won the 14th General Election.

Parti Perikatan Sabah

A political coalition in Sabah consisting of various parties representing different ethnic groups, often shifting alliances.

Parti Perikatan Sarawak

A political alliance in Sarawak consisting of parties representing different ethnic groups, playing a significant role in the state's politics.

Rukun Negara

A national ideology proclaimed in 1970 to promote unity and harmony among Malaysia's diverse ethnic groups.

Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN)

A program initiated in 2004, designed to foster patriotism, unity, and positive character development among Malaysian youth.

Konsep 1Malaysia

A concept introduced by Najib Tun Razak aimed at maintaining unity within the diversity of Malaysia's ethnic communities.

Malaysia Madani

A framework announced by Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim in 2023, focusing on sustainability, well-being, innovation, respect, confidence, and compassion.

Keluhuran Perlembagaan

The principle emphasizing the need for citizens to accept, respect, and uphold the supremacy of the national Constitution.

Kedaulatan Undang-Undang

The principle asserting that justice is founded on the sovereignty of law, ensuring that all citizens are equal before the law.

Kesopanan dan Kesusilaan

The principle underscoring the importance of developing the personality and behavior of citizens to be courteous and civilized.

Kepercayaan kepada Tuhan

The principle highlighting that the nation was founded on a strong belief in God, ensuring religious freedom for all citizens.

Kesetiaan Kepada Raja dan Negara

The principle emphasizing that every citizen must devote full loyalty, honesty, and sincerity to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong and the country.