2.4 Bonding, structure, properties and energy changes

01/04 Topic Test

Type of particle - ionic solid

Ions

Type of particle - Metallic

Cations and delocalised electrons

Metallic solid exceptions (have weak bonds)

Mercury (Hg) and Galleum (Ga)

Type of particle - molecular solid

Molecules

Type of particle - single molecule

Non-metal atoms (anions)

Type of bonding - single molecule

Covalent

Type of particle - extended covalent network solid

Non-metal atoms

Structure - ionic solid

3D lattice of alternating cations and anions

Structure - metallic solid

3D lattice of cations in a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons

Structure - molecular solid

Covalently bonded molecules (discrete/individual, not in lattice)

Structure - 3D extended covalent network solid (diamond, C)

3D repeating lattice of non-metal atoms (C) covalently bonded together in a tetrahedral arrangement

Structure - 3D extended covalent network solid (silicon dioxide, SiO₂)

3D repeating lattice of non-metal atoms (Si & O) covalently bonded together in a tetrahedral arrangement

Structure - 3D extended covalent network solid (silicon carbide, SiC)

3D repeating lattice of non-metal atoms (Si & C) covalently bonded together in a tetrahedral arrangement

Structure - 2D extended covalent network solid (graphite, C)

2D repeating lattice of non-metal atoms (C) covalently bonded together in a trigonal planar arrangment, with one delocalised electron per carbon atom that forms a bond between layers

Relative melting point - ionic solid

high

Relative melting point - metallic solid

high

Relative melting point - molecular solid

low

Relative melting point - extended covalent network solid

high

Soluble in water? - ionic solid

yes