13 Colonies Test Prep 2025

flashcards for Test on Thursday 12-18-25

colony

A settlement established by a country in a new territory, often involving the exploitation of resources and the spread of culture.

pilgrims

A group of English settlers who traveled to America in search of religious freedom, famously landing in Plymouth in 1620.

Puritans

A group of English Protestants who sought to purify the Church of England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the early 1600s.

Quakers

A religious group known for their belief in equality, pacifism, and simplicity, who settled in Pennsylvania in the mid-1600s.

Indentured Servant

A laborer who agreed to work for a specific number of years in exchange for passage to America, land, or other benefits.

Slavery

A system of forced labor where individuals are owned by others and are compelled to work without pay, prevalent in the American colonies, particularly in the Southern states.

Mayflower Compact

An agreement signed by the Pilgrims in 1620 that established a self-governing colony based on majority rule.

City of Brotherly Love

A nickname for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, known for its historical significance and as a center for early American democracy.

Middle Passage

The sea route taken by slave ships from West Africa to the Americas, notorious for its brutal conditions and high mortality rates among enslaved Africans.

Triangle Trade

A historical trade system that involved the exchange of goods and enslaved people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, forming a triangular route.

Natrual resource

A material or substance that occurs naturally in the environment and can be used for economic gain, such as water, timber, or minerals.

Raw material

A basic, unprocessed resource extracted from nature, such as cotton, sugar, or lumber, used in manufacturing and production.

Cash crop

A crop grown primarily for sale and profit rather than for personal consumption, such as tobacco, cotton, or sugar.

Resources of New England Colonies

Natural resources such as timber, fish, and fur were abundant in the New England Colonies, supporting shipbuilding and trade.

Breadbasket Colonies

Colonies such as New York and Pennsylvania known for their large grain production, primarily wheat, which supported both local consumption and export.

Pacifism

The belief in avoiding violence and conflict, advocating for peaceful resolution and non-violence.

Plantation

A large agricultural estate where crops such as tobacco, cotton, and sugar are cultivated, often using enslaved labor.

New Amsterdam

another nane for NYC when Dutch controlled it

banishment

to be kicked out of an area—-Roger Williams was this from Mass and settled in RI

Roger Williams

founder of RI. preached religious freedom and tolerance

James Oglethorpe

Founder of GA as haven for debtors

common area

grassy area in middle of NE villages for communal crops, grazing, etc

tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton

typically grown in Southern Colonies as cash crop

New England Colonies

Mass, RI, CT, NH

Middle Colonies

PA, NY, NJ, DE

Southern Colonies

MD, NC, SC, VA, GA

Penns Frame of Government

guaranteed religious freedom to all in PA

stocks

punishment in NE area for breaking laws

Sabbath

Sunday

self government

ability to rule over oneself and make your own laws and rules as a society

monarchy

ruled by Royal Families - Kings and Queens

overseer

men who worked on plantations to watch over the slaves and make sure they continued to work

self sufficient

to provide for oneself - plantations had everything needed for survival - food, workers, skilled artisans, etc

slave quarters

places where slaves stayed on a plantation—-poor cabins typicall away from the owners home

subsistence farming

to grow enough for you and your family..not to be sold at market— no real cash crops

Anglican Church

church began by King Henry VIII who formed this Church in protest of the Catholic Church

Church of England

otherwise known as the Anglican Church

export

to send out of your nation - raw materials were __________ to England and then turned into finished goods

finished goods

raw materials turned into products to be sold at market

self govern

to choose to create your own government and rule over yourself

wheat

major cash crop of the Middle Colonies