Reconstruction

What does reconstruction mean? (generally)

To build something again.

What happened to the South after the Civil War?

Georgia and the other southern states needed to be rebuilt and brought back into the Union.

Who controlled the South after the war?

The Union Army controlled the South.

What type of government existed right after the war?

There was NO civilian government.

What were the three parts of Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?

One-tenth had to swear an oath, states had to set up new governments, and slavery had to be abolished.

How did Radical Republicans feel about Lincoln's plan?

They felt it was too lenient and the South should be punished.

Who became president after Lincoln's assassination?

Andrew Johnson.

What was the Freedmen's Bureau?

An organization that helped feed, clothe, and provide medical care to former slaves.

What else did the Freedmen's Bureau provide besides food and clothing? (2 things)

Schools and legal help.

Who else did the Freedmen's Bureau help?

Poor whites who lost everything in the war.

What was forbidden in Georgia before the Civil War?

Educating slaves.

What did the Freedmen's Bureau create in Georgia?

The first public school program.

Which colleges did the Freedmen's Bureau help establish?

Clark Atlanta University and Morehouse College.

Why did many former slaves return to plantations?

They could not find work.

What did freed slaves have to sign to work land?

Contracts with former slave owners.

Why did landowners still need freed slaves?

Freed slaves knew how to grow crops.

What is sharecropping?

A system where workers farm land and are paid with a share of crops.

What did owners provide in sharecropping?

A place to live, seeds, and equipment.

How were sharecroppers paid?

With a small share of the crops.

Why did sharecroppers rarely own land?

They rarely made a profit.

What is a tenant farmer?

Someone who rented land from a landowner.

How were tenant farmers different from sharecroppers?

They often owned animals, equipment, and supplies.

What problem did tenant farmers still face?

Little money left after rent.

What was it almost impossible to do as a tenant farmer or sharecropper?

Get ahead.

What political rights did freedmen gain?

The right to vote and hold office.

How many Black legislators were elected in Georgia in 1867?

32.

Who was Henry McNeal Turner?

A minister and the first Black U.S. Army captain.

When was the Ku Klux Klan founded?

1866.

What was the original purpose of the KKK?

A social club for former Confederate soldiers.

What did the KKK become? (2 adj.)

Political and violent.

What did the KKK use to control African Americans? (3 non-physical n.)

Violence, intimidation, and terror.

How did KKK members dress?

White sheets and hooded masks.

What law targeted the KKK?

The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871.

What power did the Ku Klux Klan Act give the president?

Authority to use the military to protect civil rights.

What were Black Codes?

Laws that limited property ownership and voting rights.

What ended the Black Codes?

The 14th Amendment.

What did Black Codes later become?

Jim Crow laws.

What problem did the South have with money?

Almost no gold or silver.

Who could not serve in government after the war?

Former Confederate soldiers or officials.

Who moved south after the war?

People from the North seeking opportunity.

What were Northerners who moved south called?

Carpetbaggers.

What were Southerners who supported Reconstruction called?

Scalawags.

What did the 13th Amendment do?

Freed all slaves and banned slavery.

What did President Johnson say after the 13th Amendment passed?

Southern states could return to the Union.

Why did southern states refuse to let freedmen vote?

The Dred Scott decision.

What did the 14th Amendment do?

Made former slaves citizens and guaranteed equal rights.

What did the 15th Amendment do?

Protected the right to vote regardless of race.

Who did the 15th Amendment give voting rights to?

All male citizens.

What was the convict lease system?

A system where prisoners were used as labor.

What was convict labor used for?

Rebuilding railroads.

Who benefited from the convict lease system?

Large businesses.

Who were most convicts?

African Americans.

How were convicts treated?

Unjustly.

What major election led to the end of Reconstruction?

The election of 1876.

Who ran in the election of 1876?

Hayes and Tilden.

What deal ended Reconstruction?

Republicans agreed to end Reconstruction if Hayes became president.

What happened to the army after Reconstruction ended?

It was removed from the last southern states.