Unit 7 APUSH test for tomorrow

women

* Nursing and Teaching jobs opened up for women in urban areas
* Some worked unskilled labor jobs and were paid much less than men for the same job

flappers

* Symbol of women’s liberation in the 1920s
* Wore short hair, drank, smoked and showed more skin than was conventional

immigrant

* Sudden influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia after WWI
* Of course nativism ensued
* Effort to protect rights of natural born americans over immigrants
* Workers feared they would lose their jobs to immigrants who would work for lower wages

emergency quota act

1.  Limited immigration population to 3% or less

National Origins Act

Restricted immigration further

Great Migration

* Part 2 of the Exoduster Movement
* Southern Black population migrated north for economic opportunity and to escape Jim Crow

Harlem Rennaissance

1. Revival of the arts and intellectual pursuits of the migrated black population

literature

1. Langston Hughes ,Claude McKay

the Lost Generation

1. F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway

Modernist

1. Urban protestants, Faith large enough to embrace a changing culture of gender roles and Darwin's evolution

fundamentalist

* Rural protestants
* Much more rigid beliefs
* Believe every word of the Bible was to be taken literally

scopes monkey trial

* In Tennessee it was illegal to teach Darwinism
* John Scopes did it anyway
* Entire country watched the trial unfold
* Scopes was convicted but conviction was overturned on a technicality
* Takeaway was that modernism had finally been proven over fundamentalism 

jazz

1. Louis Armstrong ,Duke Ellington

great depression causes

* Farmers overproduced and owed a lot of money along with high tariffs
* Hawley Smoot tariff made it extremely difficult to sell its excess products
* Stock Market during the 20s was artificially high due to Buying on Margin or Speculation
* People borrowed money to buy these stocks

Hawley Smoot Tarrif

1. made it extremely difficult to sell its excess products

black tuesday

1. share prices on the New York Stock Exchange completely collapsed, becoming a pivotal factor in the emergence of the Great Depression.

Hoovervilles

* Because people had to foreclose on their homes, Hoovervilles popped up
* Named Hoovervilles as a slight at president Hoover whose laissez faire economic policy forbade government intervention in private business

Franklin D Roosevelt

* Won the election of 1932 in a landslide
* Opposite of Hoover
* Heavy governmental intervention 

Limited Welfare State

1. Government was going to take responsibility for the social and economic welfare of its citizens

three R’s

* Relief for unemployed
* Recovery for businesses
* Reform of economic institutions

Public Works Administration

1. Employed americans to build federal infrastructure 

civilian conservation corps

1. Soil conservation and forestry

National Industrial Recovery Act

* Established a set of codes agreed upon by labor division and owners
* Shorter work hours, minimum wage, regulation of prices

Glass Steagall Act

1.  Increased regulations in banks and limited liability for customers

FDIC

1. Guaranteed people’s bank deposits with federal money

securities and exchange commission

Regulate Stock Market

social security act

1. Safety net of income for workers over the age of 65

The New Deal

* The New Deal as a whole transformed the United States into a limited welfare state and seriously expanded the aims of modern American liberalism
* Sparked a big time constitutional debate
* Court packing debate
* This caused a major shift in party demographics

shift in parties

* Re alignment of work class people and ethnic minorities to the democratic party

TVA

power plants and controlled flooding

imperialism

The expansion of one country’s political, economic, and military influence over another country

purchase of Alaska

* Seward’s folly
* Johnson’s secretary of state William Seward purchased Alaska for 7.2 million
* Viewed as desolate icebox with no value until 1898 when gold was discovered
* FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER (argued that the closing of the frontier was a bad thing because it interfered with the ideals of manifest destiny)

imperialists

* Expand access to raw materials
* Used social darwinism to justify imperialism for capital gain

Josiah Strong

* Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis
* Believed Protestant Americans had the duty to colonize other countries for ministry

Alfred Thayer Myhan

1. Wrote any national power got they way by having a strong navy 

anti imperialists

* Self determination for nations
* Nation decides for itself who rules it and which laws were passed
* Evoked Washington’s farewell speech in which he warned against foreign entanglement 
* Argued that the Constitution SHOULD follow the flag

Cuban revolt

Fought but failed to overthrow Spanish leadership

yellow journalism

Actively promoting war fever in America by way of exaggeration (sensationalism)

De Lome Letter

1. Leaked letter from a Spanish diplomat speaking ill of President McKinley

USS Maine

1.  Sinking of the Maine that caused the death of over 200 Americans

Platt Amendment

1.  U.S. could intervene with force into Cuba if American economic system were threatened 

rough riders

a group that roosevelt recruited to help in the Cuban Revolt. They supposedly saved the day, but are apparently over hyped.

treaty of paris

* Ceded the Philippines to the U.S. for 20 million 
* U.S. acquired Puerto Rico and Guam
* Cuba was independent 

annexation of Hawaii

* Acquired in 1898 after Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown in 1893
* Almost exactly halfway between U.S. and Philippines

open door policy

* China was overrun with European spheres of influence
* John Hay saw this as American opportunity in China dwindling
* Open door note offered open door trading between China and the U.S. 

panama canal

1. America wanted because it was a more direct route to China for trade

spheres of influence

a country or area in which another country has power to affect developments although it has no formal authority.

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy

* Taft’s policy shifted more economic than militaristic 
* Private American investments in China and Latin America would produce greater stability than war
* Railroads in China
* Intervention in Nicaragua 

Wilson’s foreign affairs

1. Wilson’s “New Freedom” adopted a moral approach to foreign affairs

progressives

1. Many diverse groups with different agendas but all agreed society was deteriorating and government intervention was needed

muckrakers

1. derogatory term given to said journalists 

\- Wanted to highlight injustices in America

Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

1.  Exposed the unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry

Ida Tarbell

1. Published a piece on Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company monopoly

Jacob Riis

* How the other Half Lives


* Photojournalist that published pictures of tenements of the poor
* Common goal of all of these was to shine the light on corruption in society

secret ballot

Secret voting so political bosses could not intimidate voters

17th amendment

Senators were no longer chosen by state legislatures, rather directly by the people

18th amendment

* American prohibition pushed for by women's groups such as the anti saloon league and the american temperance society


* forbade manufacture and sale of alcohol

19th amendment

* Women’s right to vote
* Initiative, Referendum, and Recall

initiative

1. Require legislators to consider a bill

referendum

1. Voters themselves could vote on adoption of laws

recall

1. Removal of corrupt politicians before their term was complete

scientific management

* Time saving method
* Thought this should be used in government to limit waste

African Americans in the progressive era

* Niagra Movement led by W.E.B Dubois 
* Group of black intellectuals to organize and plan protests
* NAACP
* Abolish all forms of segregation and expand education for black students

Teddy Roosevelt’s presidency

* Square Deal
* Worked for a square deal for both laborers and business owners
* Trust Buster
* Sherman Antitrust Act
* Busting up of monopolies
* Consumer protection
* Pure Food and Drug Act 
* Meat Inspection Act
* Conservation of Natural Resources

Taft’s presidency

* Dollar diplomacy 
* Increased Economic Policy

Wilson’s presidency

* Moral approach to foreign affairs
* Tariff Reduction 
* Banking Reform

Roosevelt’s square deal

Roosevelt's domestic policy based on three basic ideas: protection of the consumer, control of large corporations, and conservation of natural resources.

spark of WWI

* Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand


* Formation of Triple Alliance and Triple Entente 

Allied powers

1.  Britain Russia France

central powers

1. Germany Austria Hungary Italy

American involvement (WWI)

* Lusitania 
* German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Lusitania

1. Passenger ship that entered a German war zone and was sunk by a U boat

Zimmerman Telegram

1. German note sent to Mexico to start a war with the United States and Germany would help them retain New Mexico and Arizona

American Expeditionary Force

* A formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front during World War I.
* American involvement tipped the entire war to the advantage of the allies

Treaty of Versailles

* Ended WWI
* Allies wanted Germany to suffer and pay for war but Wilson knew Europe needed a strong Germany

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

* Freedom of seas
* Self determining nations
* League of Nations

total war

1. Country mobilized much of its economic, industrial, and social resources in order to win

Taylorism

1. Scientific management

War industries board

Kept factories producing military supplies

food administration

Ensured food production was sufficient both overseas and on the homefront

attack on civil liberties

1. Espionage and Sedition Acts

Espionage and Sedition Acts

* Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917 & 1918)
* These two laws combined restricted civil liberties in the sense that it made it illegal to oppose the war, interfere with the draft, or even say anything disloyal about the war effort

Scheneck v US

* Espionage and Sedition Acts were upheld by the supreme court in the Schenck v. United States (1919)
* Federal government also sought to forbid publications that provided truths about the mortality of the Spanish Flu

red scare

1. Growing anti communist sentiment in the U.S. beginning in 1919

xenophobia

1. Fear and distrust of those from other countries

palmer raids

* J. Edgar Hoover tasked to gather information of “radicals”
* From November 1919 to January 1920 over 6000 people were arrested on limited criminal evidence
* Attributed heavily to Nativism 

limitations on immigration

* National Origins Act and Emergency Quota Act
* Set number of acceptance for immigration extremely low

Great Migration

* Large southern black population migrated to the urban industrial centers of the north
* Escape Jim Crow Laws
* Poll taxes and literacy tests
* Finding Jobs

Henry Ford

* Mass producer of automobiles, most notably the Model T
* Assembly Line
* Able to make automobiles affordable to most anyone

Frederick Taylor

* Scientific Management 
* Created efficiency in assembly line work

advertising

this helped create this consumer culture of the 1920s

Sigmund Freud

1. helped advertisers tap into the subconscious of consumers

radia/cinema

* Radio/Cinema 
* Entertainment shows
* The Jazz Singer, first film to have synchronized music and sound, ending the silent film era

isolationism

1. a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. Basically, America’s approach to avoiding WWII

Warren G Harding

ran on a campaign promise in 1920 with the slogan of “Return to Normalcy”

return to normalcy

1.  Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan from the election of 1920

Fordney McCumber Act

1. raised tariffs, making more people buy domestic goods than foreign goods

kellog briand pact

1.  form of isolationist policy in America; a pact signed in 63 states including the US, which tried to illegalize war. This was signed outside the League of Nations, thus it could not be enforced.

Benito Mussolini

face of rising Fascist party in Italy

Adolf Hitler

face of Fascist party in Germany