World 1750-1900s

ap world vocab

Abolition

stopping slavery in the Atlantic Slave Trade
and freeing all slaves

Emancipation

Being set free from political, legal, and social restrictions

Boureoisie

Middle class and investors who owned machinery and factories where workers worked

Boxer Rebellion

Encouraged the boxers (anti-imperialist group) to kill all foreigners in China

French Declaration of RIghts of Man and Citizen

Written by Lafayette
Outlined the rights of all French citizens and limited the power of the monarchy
Influenced by enlightenment thinkers like Montisque and Locke

Social Darwinism

where certain races/classes are superior to others
so inequality was created based on “survival of the fittest”

Realpolitik

Politics based on the current circumstances rather than ideal considerations

Opium Wars

The wars between the Chinese and British where the British insisted on selling opium in Chinese markets (bc opium is addictive) so the Chinese government tried to stop foreign power (opium)

Taiping Rebellion

qing dynasty against manchus (foreigners)

The Communist Manifesto

Written by Marxs and Engels
Outlined their theories on the unification of proletarians and the fall of the bougeousie

Capitalism

Economic systems where production (factories) and resources are all privately owned for profit

Enclaves

Groups of immigrants who are ethnically similar and create homes together in a new country

Industrial Revolution

A period of time when countries transferred from creating goods by hand to using machines

Suffrage Mvmt

Efforts for women to gain equal political rights
(ex. right to vote)

Labor Mvmt

Effort to gain better working conditions and rights for workers
(ex. better pay)

Tanzimat Mvmt

Modernize the Ottoman army by taking inspiration from European armies

Self-Strengthening Mvmt

Efforts to modernize China (economy systems, military, and social institutions) by taking inspiration from the West

Meiji Restoration

Suez Canal

A canal in Egypt built to connect the Mediterranian and Red Seas for easier transportation between Asia and Africa (avoid circumnavigation)

Spheres of Influence

A foreign territory where a country has political/economic authority
(ex. Opium Wars)

Communism

Where the government owns all mines, factories, farms, etc, and shares wealth equally

Xhosa Cattle-Killing

Killed cattle and destroyed crops to remove invaders from African Xhosa lands

American Declaration of Independence

Written by Jefferson and other people
To declare America’s independence from Great Britain

Socialism

Where industries are owned by the workers and not by private businesses or state

Laissez-faire

No government involvement in economics

Indian Revolt of 1857/Sepoy Rebellion

Where Indians rebelled against the British because certain practices violated religious customs

Zionism

Advocating to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine (bc it is the ancient homeland)

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to more populated areas

Scramble for Africa

The invasion and division of African colonies between European powers

Penal Colony

overseas establishments for criminals

White Australian Policy VS Aborigine

White Australian Policies: policies/laws set in Australia to restrict non-white immigration there

Aborigine: original people from Australia

Chinese Exclusion Act

US act that bans all Chinese laborers immigration

Factory System

Having labor and production in one place/having people come to a single location for work instead of working from thier homes

Millenarianism

Conserverative VS Liberal

Conservative: oppose radical changes, advocate the restoration of the monarchy, defend church

Liberal: limit state interference in individual life, and encouraged parliaments and constitutional rule

Bastille

A prison in Paris where offenders were held

Cottage Industry

Production of textiles at home

Boer Wars

War between Great Britain and the Boers in South Africa over control of rich mining country

3rd Estate

The lowest class of the French social class, where they didn’t have as many rights as the other 2 classes (most of the French population)

Transnational Business

A business operated in many countries (does not have a “home” country)

Berlin Conference

Where European countries decided their claim over territory in Africa

Manufactured Goods

Products made from raw materials

Proletariat

The working class

Spinning Jenny

A machine for spinning wool or cotton

Steam Engine

A machine that creates mechanical power using steam

Railroad

Connected many different places and helped increase the movement of people and goods because it was quick travel

Napoleon’s Law Code

Laws that enforced civil liberty and equality in France

Enclosure Movement

Improved agriculture activity by bringing in more land for agriculture

Congress of Vienna

When European countries met up to discuss peace and stability in Europe after Napoleon

Nationalism

When a group of people come together through pride in similar language, culture, and history