10 Percent Nurse 232

Etiology

The cause of a disease (e.g., infection, genetics).

Pathogenesis

The process by which a disease develops.

Clinical Manifestations

Signs and symptoms a patient presents with.

Diagnosis

How we confirm a disease (labs, imaging, physical exam).

Treatment Implications

How the disease is managed (meds, procedures).

Nursing Implications

What the nurse should monitor or do for the patient.

Prognosis

Expected outcome or course of a disease.

Natural History

How a disease progresses without treatment.

Acute Stress

Short-term stress (e.g., exam stress).

Chronic Stress

Long-term stress that contributes to disease.

Cortisol

A hormone that increases due to chronic stress, leading to high blood sugar and suppressed immune function.

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalances

Imbalances that affect fluid balance in the body.

Acid-Base Imbalance

Disruptions in pH levels that impact organ function.

Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)

Key components that include sodium, potassium, creatinine, and glucose.

Cardiac Output (CO)

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, calculated as Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV).

Stroke Volume Components

Includes preload, afterload, and contractility.

Blood Pressure (BP)

The force exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels.

Hypertension

High blood pressure that poses risks such as heart failure and stroke.

Renal Failure Types

Includes pre-renal, intra-renal, and post-renal failure.

Lung Function

The ability of the lungs to stretch and recoil to push air out.

Insulin

A hormone that lowers blood sugar and is used to treat diabetes.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how drugs move through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Pharmacodynamics

The study of how drugs work, including agonists and antagonists.

Opioids

Pain medications like Morphine that carry risks of respiratory depression.

NSAIDs

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that can cause stomach ulcers and bleeding.

Risks of Antibiotics

Include allergic reactions, kidney damage, and liver toxicity.

Monitoring Vitals

Important practice before administering meds that affect heart rate, blood pressure, or respiration.

Patient Education

Crucial for informing patients about medication risks.