Biology Unit 2.2: Types and Functions of Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds providing energy and structure.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars; can form chains or rings.

Disaccharides

Composed of two monosaccharides linked together.

Polysaccharides

Long chains of monosaccharides for storage.

Glucose

Monosaccharide that produces ATP in cells.

Lactose

Disaccharide made of glucose and galactose.

Starch

Polysaccharide for energy storage in plants.

Glycogen

Animal storage form of glucose, highly branched.

Cellulose

Polysaccharide providing rigidity, digestible by herbivores.

Chitin

Polysaccharide forming exoskeletons in arthropods.

Isomers

Compounds with same formula but different structures.

carbohydrated provide what 3 things?

1. energy
2. structure
3. energy storage