memory 1 - false memories

What is recovered memory?

The reappearance in consciousness of memories for past events after a period of them not being accessible.

How can childhood sexual trauma be recovered? Who noted this?

Through psychotherapy, as noted by Schobe & Schooler (2001).

What are the three realities that define a recovered memory? (1 researcher)

1) Reality of the event, 2) Reality of forgetting, 3) Reality of recovery, which can occur spontaneously (Schooler, 1997).

What is false memory syndrome?

The systematic creation of memories for events that never happened.

What is an example of false memory syndrome? Which researcher?

ingrams memories for suggestions from Richard ofshe (Loftus and Ketcham 1994)

What can lead to the creation of false memories in psychotherapy? Who stated this?

Careless memory work (Schobe & Schooler, 2001).

What is hard to do with recovered and false memories?

distinguish between

What was the hit rate in Roediger & McDermott's 1995 Experiment 1?

86% hit rate for correctly stating that studied items were old list.

What was the false alarm rate in Roediger & McDermott's 1995 Experiment 1?

84% of the time participants incorrectly identified critical lures (similar words) as on the old list .

What did roediger and mcdermotts 1995 experiment 2 have different to experiment 1?

longer lists but only had to recall half but recognise all

What framework was used in Roediger & McDermott's Experiment 2? (exp and date)

Tulving's (1985) remember/know recognition memory experiment.

what are remember and recall words?

remember - recollect vividly and relive when saw it, know - is sure word is on list but cant remember moment they saw it

What percentage of studied items and critical lures were recognized with no recall in Experiment 2?

65% of studied items and 72% critical lures were recognized.

after previous recall, how much were critical lures and studied items recognised?

critical lures 81% whereas studied was 79%

What was the incorrect recall rate for critical lures recognised?

93% if a critical lure was incorrectly recalled.

What does roediger and mcdermotts 1995 study support?

DRM paradigm, previous incorrect recall strengthens false memories, cant tell real from false

What did Freyd and Gleaves (1996) argue about lab studies on false memories?

They argued that word lists do not represent real events and cannot be generalized.

what was loftus and pickrells 1995v lost in the shopping mall studys procedure?

4 stories with 1 false about childhood events, confirmed by parent/sibling, answer questions and interviewed

What was the main finding of Loftus and Pickrell's 'Lost in the Shopping Mall' study 1995?

7 out of 24 participants accepted a false memory of being lost in a shopping mall.

what happened after the debrief in loftus and pickrells 1995 shopping mall study?

19/24 could guess false event

What happens to belief in a false memory as it is retrieved more often?

The more a false memory is retrieved, the more the individual believes it.

What did Murphy (2022) replicate in their study?

The replication of false recall rates with other childhood events.

How did garry and gerrie 2005 replicate loftus and pickrells study?

with real/false photo recognition - makes false recall rates higher

What is a significant conclusion about false memories?

False memories cannot be easily distinguished from true memories.

What does human memory demonstrate about our experiences?

Human memory does not show a consistent record of our experiences.