SESSION 13

Final electron acceptor

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

Fermentation

A less efficient pathway that produces 2 ATP per glucose molecule when oxygen is absent.

Cellular Respiration ATP yield

Cellular respiration yields 29 ATP per glucose, making it significantly more efficient than fermentation.

Chloroplasts

The site of photosynthesis, containing thylakoid membranes and the stroma.

Thylakoid membranes

Location within chloroplasts where light reactions occur during photosynthesis.

Stroma

The site of the Calvin cycle within chloroplasts.

Oxidative phosphorylation

Occurs in mitochondria and generates ATP using energy from NADH and FADH2.

Photophosphorylation

The process in chloroplasts where light energy drives ATP production.

Photosynthesis process

An endergonic process converting light energy into glucose (6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2).

Cellular Respiration process

An exergonic process that releases energy from glucose (C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 29 ATP).

Energy efficiency comparison

Cellular respiration is more efficient than fermentation, yielding more ATP.

Role of chlorophyll

Chlorophyll captures light energy for photosynthesis in thylakoid membranes.

NADH and FADH2

Electron carriers that provide energy for ATP generation in oxidative phosphorylation.

Endergonic vs. Exergonic reactions

Photosynthesis is endergonic (energy requiring), while cellular respiration is exergonic (energy releasing).

Calvin cycle

The process in the stroma of chloroplasts where CO2 is fixed into glucose.