art quiz reveiw

which style is considered more masculine due to its simplicity and mass?

doric

which style is considered more feminine due to its lightness, delicacy, and fanciful carving

ionic

which style is considered the most ornate

corinthian

which style has the leaves and scrolls on its capitals?

corinthian

corinthian

which style has the shell-like spirals on its capitals?

ionic

which style has alternating blocks on its frieze?

doric

which style has one continuous frieze?

ionic

which style has more flutes, or vertical grooves, on its shafts

ionic

which style has less flutes, or vertical grooves, on its shafts

doric

which style has a plain architrave?

doric

which style has an architrave made up of 3 horizontal bands?

ionic

which style is this capital?

ionic

which style is this capital?

doric

which style is this capital?

corinthian

what style is this building?

doric

the triangular space on top, often filled with sculpture

pediment

on doric friezes, this is the block with vertical bands

triglyph

on doric friezes, this is the block that is either plain or has images on it

metope

decorative head of the shaft is called the

capital

bottom part of the entablature, this is plain in the doric order and has 3 horizontal bands in ionic order

architrave

this is made up of the base (or podium), shaftm and capital

column

this band of carved decoration may consist of alternating triglyphs and metotopes (doric) or a continuous scene or pattern

frieze

the long, fluted part under the capital on a column

shaft

what style is the parthenon

doric

what style is the temple of athena

ionic

where in the city is the acropolis located

high up in the center of the city

brief history of parthenon and acropolisP

480 BC-persians sacked acropolis and two temples of athena

479 BC-greeks take oath not to rebuild but let ruins serve as reminder of “impiety of the barbarian”

450 BC-peace with persia makes oath seem less binding

447-432 BC-parthenon is constructed

parthenon

448-432 BC, acropolis, athens

main figures in rebuilding of acropolis

pericles-leader of dominant political faction in athens, led athens from 461 to 429 BC

Pheidias-architect and sculptor, in charge of design’

iktinos-architect of parthenon

ionic order

luxury, refinement, intellectualism

doric order

somber, stioic simpicity

metope details

92 in all-most extensive of any doric temple

employed a series of archetypal myths and legends to celebrate the victory of forces of civilization over chaos and barbarism

-Greeks vs. Amazons (who attacked Athens)

-Greek sack of Troy (badly damaged)

-Lapith vs. Centaurs (Greeks vs.half human beasts)

- -Celebration of general themes – celebration of ancestors over

savage and foreign enemies

-Clearly allusion to victory over Persians

 

east pediment, parthenon

birth of Athena from the head of her father, Zeus

Central figures are now lost, but they included Zeus and Athena,

grown and fully armed, representing the new Athens

west pediment, parthenon

The struggle between Poseidon and Athena for

control of Athens

athena

Reproduction of votive statue in Parthenon

Chryselephantine - architectural term

 given to statues which were built upon a

wooden frame, with slabs of ivory representing

the flesh and gold leaf representing the

 garments, armor etc

 Here Athena is a warrior goddess. She’s  called

Athena Parthenos ("virgin"),.because she was believed to remain perpetually a virgin.

5th century AD

Cult figure of Athena is looted by roman Emperor and taken to Constantinople where it is destroyed, perhaps during the 4^th Crusade (13^th C)

6th century AD

Parthenon was converted into a Christian church

 dedicated to the Virgin

 - Christians interpret some sculpture as reflecting Christian themes,  westernmost north metope viewed as Annunciation

- interior sculptures are reinterpreted,removed or destroyed

1456

Ottoman conquest of Athens, Parthenon is converted into a Mosque

-Ottomans were generally respectful of ancient monuments in their territories, and did not destroy the antiquities of Athens, however they did scavenge them for building materials

1687

venetian bombardment ignites ammunition stored in parthenon which is severely damaged; venetians loot the site, sculptures suffer heavily

1806

lord elgin, then british ambassador to turkey (greece was under turkish control) removes surviving south metopes, parts of frieze and some pedimental sculptures

1816

Lord Elgin sell sculptures to british museum where they are now displayed

1832

greece gains control of acropolis and removes all ottoman and medieval structures

1975

greek government begins restoration effort, project later attracts funding from EU

geometric period

9th-7th century BC

archaic period

6th century BC

classical period

5th century BC

late classical period

4th century B

humanism

is an approach in study, philosophy, world view

or practice that focuses on human values and concerns,

attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or

supernatural matters.

ethos

the values or character of a community, society.

pathos

a quality or experience when viewing a work of art that arouses pity, sympathy or sorrow.

contrapposto

shifting from one leg to another, casual standing position, not stiff