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Consciousness
Awareness of internal and external stimuli
Sleep
State marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest that occur during wakefulness
Wakefulness
characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
Circadian Rhythm
biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours
Homeostatis
tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system
Melatonin
hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle
Sleep regulation
brain's control of switching between sleep and wakefulness as well as coordinating this cycle with the outside world
Jet lag
collection of symptons brought on by travel from one time zone to another that results from the mismatch between our intermal circadian rhythm and our environment
Insomnia
consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep for at least three nights a week over a month's time
Sleep rebound
sleep-deprived individuals will experience longer sleep latencies durinig a subsequent opportunities for sleep
Evolutionary psychology
This theory of why we sleep, from a specific perpsective that focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time because of natural selection, is that sleep is essential to recharge expended resources and energy, or that we origninally slept as a way to stay out of the dark and way from predators.
Cognitive benefits
Sleep has been shown to increase capacities for creative thinking, language learning, and interferial judgements.
NREM sleep
period of sleep outside periods of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
REM sleep
period of sleep characterized by brain waves very similiar to those during wakefulness and by darting movements of the eyes under closed lids
Dreams
A series of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations occurring involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep
Manifest content
storyline of events that occur during a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
Latent content
hidden meaning of a dream, per Sigmund Freud's view of the function of dreams
Lucid dream
People become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's event
Sleepwalking
Known as somnambulism, this is a sleep disorder in which the sleeper enages in relatively complex behaviors
REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
sleep disorder in which the muscle paralysis associated with the REM sleep phase does not occur; sleepers have high levels of physical activity during REM sleep, especially during disturbing dreams
Collective unconscious
theoretical respitory of information shared by all people across cultures, as described by Carl Jung
Restless leg syndrome
sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep that are relieved by moving the legs
Night terror
sleep disorder in which the sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape from the immediate environment
Sleep apnea
sleep disorder defined by episodes during which breathing stops during sleep
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
infant (one year old or younger) with no apparent medical condition suddenly dies during sleep
Narcolespy
sleep disorder in which the sufferer cannot resist falling to sleep at inopportune times
Hypnosis
state of extreme self-focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli
Meditation
clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus
