[ AETN1112 ] Introduction to Digital Electronics

Analog System

• A combination of devices that manipulate values represented in _______ form.

• The physical quantities or signals may vary continuously over a specified range.

Digital System

• A combination of devices that manipulate values represented in _______ form.

• The physical quantities or signals can assume only discrete values.

• Greater accuracy.

Digital Representation

This varies in discrete (separate) steps.

• Passing time is shown as a change in the display on a clock at one-minute intervals.

• A change in temperature is shown on this display only when the temperature changes at least one degree.

Analog Representation

This is a continuously variable, proportional indicator.

• Sound through a microphone causes voltage changes.

• Automobile speedometer changes with speed.

• Mercury thermometer varies over a range of values with temperature.

Binary Digital Signal

• An information variable represented by physical quantity.

• For digital systems, the variable takes on discrete values.

  • Two level or binary values are the most prevalent values

Binary Values

These are represented by values or ranges of values

of physical quantities.

Logic Gate

An electronic circuit that performs a specific logical function.

• Works with digital signals (0 and 1)

• Words (symbols) False (F) and True (T)

Integrated Circuit

A small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors.

Silicon

The components in an Integrated Circuit (IC) are etched onto a small piece of semiconductor material, usually ______.

Transistor Transistor Logic

What does TTL stand for?

• A foundational digital logic family that uses bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) for both logic switching and amplification.

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

What does CMOS stand for?

• A dominant technology for integrated circuits (ICs), using paired P-type (PMOS) and N-type (NMOS) transistors working together, known for extremely low static power consumption

Notch

The proper orientation of an IC can be determined through its ____.

VCC

This is usually at the upper right of an IC and represents the positive power supply voltage for circuits using Bipolar Junction Transistors

GND

This is usually at the lower left of an IC and is the crucial zero-volt reference point in a circuit, acting as the common return path for current, like a "home base”

Analog to Digital Converter

The process of converting an analog signal to a digital signal is called ADC. What does ADC stand for?

Digital to Analog Converter

The process of converting an analog signal to a digital signal is called DAC. What does DAC stand for?

Comparators

• An electronic device that allow an analog input to produce a digital output.

• Its output is based on the comparison of the input voltages.

Range

The difference between the maximum and minimum.

Quad And Gate

A single integrated circuit (IC) chip that contains four separate, independent 2-input AND gates, allowing for four different logical AND operations using one component.

Invalid

This is when the system cannot decide if 0 or 1 —> may cause errors.