Endocrine System - Hormones

Insulin (Metabolic)

- produced by the pancreas (Beta Cells)
- lowers blood levels by storing glucose as glycogen in liver and making cells permeable to glucose

Glucagon (Metabolic)

- produced by the pancreas (Alpha Cells)
- increases blood sugar by turning glycogen to glucose

Estrogen (sex hormone)

- synthesized in Ovarian Follicle
- develops endometrium in uterus
- causes secondary characteristics in females

Erythropoietin (Blood)

- increases red blood cell production
- initiates Hemoglobin production
- produced in the kidneys

Progesterone (sex hormone)

- synthesized by the corpus luteum
- completes the development of the endometirum
- inhibits ovulation

LH (leutenizing hormone) (sex hormone)

- produced by the Pituitary
- causes ovulation and formation of corpus luteum in ovary
- stimulates the production of testosterone in males

Testosterone (sex hormone)

- produced in testes
- stimulates the development of sperm
- causes secondary sexual characteristics in males

Oxytocin (sex hormone)

- synthesized in hypothalamus
- causes uterine contractions during labour

Prolactin (sex hormone)

- synthesized in pituitary
- stimulates milk production in mammary glands

Cortisol (Stress)

- stimulates carb metabolism, increases blood glucose level, increases blood pressure
- produced in adrenal glands

Aldosterone (Water-Balance)

- increases Na+ reabsorption in kidneys
- increases blood pressure
- iproduced by the adrenal glands

Antidiuretic Hormone (Water-Balance)

- stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys
- prevents dehydration
- produced by the hypothalamus

Angiotensin & Renin (Water-Balance)

- stimulates the release of aldosterone
- constricts blood vessels
- produced in the nephrons

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) (sex hormone)

- produced by the pituitary
- stimulates the maturation of the follicle in the ovary
- stimulates the production of sperm

Growth Hormone (Metabolic)

- produced by the pituitary gland
- stimulates bone growth and fat metabolism

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (Stress)

- causes fight or flight response (e.g. increased heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate; dilates blood vessels, dilates bronchioles, dilates pupils)
- also called adrenaline
- produced by adrenal glands

T4 and T3 (Metabolic)

- produced by the thyroid gland
- determines rate of oxidation of glucose (metabolic rate)

Parathyroid Hormone (Metabolic)

- produced by the parathyroid glands
- increases blood calcium level by stimulating the loss of calcium from bone

Thymosin (Blood)

- increases the production and maturation of white blood cells
- produced by the thymus gland

Endocrine gland

glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream

Steroid hormone

fat-soluble hormone made of cholesterol

Protein hormone

water-soluble hormone made of amino acids

Target cell

cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone

Pituitary gland

The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, this gland controls many other endocrine glands.

Corpus luteum

a remnant of an ovarian follicle after ovulation that secretes the hormone progesterone

Menstruation

the endometrium breaks up and is discharged from the body

Endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

Ovulation

the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube

Follicle

the sac in the ovary in which the ovum develops