Insulin (Metabolic)
produced by the pancreas (Beta Cells)
lowers blood levels by storing glucose as glycogen in liver and making cells permeable to glucose
Glucagon (Metabolic)
produced by the pancreas (Alpha Cells)
increases blood sugar by turning glycogen to glucose
Estrogen (sex hormone)
synthesized in Ovarian Follicle
develops endometrium in uterus
causes secondary characteristics in females
Erythropoietin (Blood)
increases red blood cell production
initiates Hemoglobin production
produced in the kidneys
Progesterone (sex hormone)
synthesized by the corpus luteum
completes the development of the endometirum
inhibits ovulation
LH (leutenizing hormone) (sex hormone)
produced by the Pituitary
causes ovulation and formation of corpus luteum in ovary
stimulates the production of testosterone in males
Testosterone (sex hormone)
produced in testes
stimulates the development of sperm
causes secondary sexual characteristics in males
Oxytocin (sex hormone)
synthesized in hypothalamus
causes uterine contractions during labour
Prolactin (sex hormone)
synthesized in pituitary
stimulates milk production in mammary glands
Cortisol (Stress)
stimulates carb metabolism, increases blood glucose level, increases blood pressure
produced in adrenal glands
Aldosterone (Water-Balance)
increases Na+ reabsorption in kidneys
increases blood pressure
iproduced by the adrenal glands
Antidiuretic Hormone (Water-Balance)
stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys
prevents dehydration
produced by the hypothalamus
Angiotensin & Renin (Water-Balance)
stimulates the release of aldosterone
constricts blood vessels
produced in the nephrons
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) (sex hormone)
produced by the pituitary
stimulates the maturation of the follicle in the ovary
stimulates the production of sperm
Growth Hormone (Metabolic)
produced by the pituitary gland
stimulates bone growth and fat metabolism
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine (Stress)
causes fight or flight response (e.g. increased heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolic rate; dilates blood vessels, dilates bronchioles, dilates pupils)
also called adrenaline
produced by adrenal glands
T4 and T3 (Metabolic)
produced by the thyroid gland
determines rate of oxidation of glucose (metabolic rate)
Parathyroid Hormone (Metabolic)
produced by the parathyroid glands
increases blood calcium level by stimulating the loss of calcium from bone
Thymosin (Blood)
increases the production and maturation of white blood cells
produced by the thymus gland
Endocrine gland
glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream
Steroid hormone
fat-soluble hormone made of cholesterol
Protein hormone
water-soluble hormone made of amino acids
Target cell
cell that has a receptor for a particular hormone
Pituitary gland
The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence of the hypothalamus, this gland controls many other endocrine glands.
Corpus luteum
a remnant of an ovarian follicle after ovulation that secretes the hormone progesterone
Menstruation
the endometrium breaks up and is discharged from the body
Endometrium
inner lining of the uterus
Ovulation
the process of releasing a mature ovum into the fallopian tube
Follicle
the sac in the ovary in which the ovum develops