NIACC History Exam 1

Hohokam

c. 1450 Region includes new mexico and arizona. Indian tribe there before the settlers.

Anasazi

(c. 1300 MAYBE) (Region includes new mexico and arizona. Indian tribe there before the settlers.

Mound Builders

these groups were the adena, hopewell and others. Built along the ohio river valley, most often as burials. Sometimes as defensive strategy

Aztecs

(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshiped many gods (polytheistic).

Animism

Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life.

3 Colony Types

Royal(Colonies in control by Royalty) , Proprietary (Where royal granted land to one or more individuals, known as proprietors), Charter (established by a royal charter, or a legal document granting specific rights and self-governance to the colonists, often a joint-stock company or a group of investors)

Roanoke

(1587-1590) meant to be the first permanent settlement, abandoned three years after it was formed in virginia area. Angilican arrived here

Jamestown

In virginia, first permanent settlement,john smith was very important enforcing discipline in the community. John smith was the leader 1607. recieved royal charter from king james I in 1606

Chesapeake

Large scale farming. Virginia area. Major exporter of crops such as tobacco

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill". Mayflower compact took place here. was a Charter colony initially

Rhode Island

roger williams founded this colony, advocated for the separation of church and sate, mostly harvested raw crops. Founded 1636.

Roger Williams

He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. 1636

Plymouth

Colony settled by the Pilgrims in 1620. It eventually merged with Massachusetts Bay colony. Governed was William Bradford

Mayflower Compact

it was an agreement to bind colonist together, forming their own government, william bradford helped write this document written and formed by both puritans and pilgrims. 1620

Pilgrims

Separationists

Puritans

Non-separatist, shared w commitment to god and the Bible

Quakers

Protestant reformers who believe in the equality of all people, found sanctuary in Pennsylvania, William Penn was the leader.

Praying towns

Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized, happened in Massachusetts bay

King Philip's War

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

John Smith

English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia, soldier in KP War. Explored coast in 1614

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Powhatan

(1545-1618) Indian chief and founder of the (BLANK) confederacy of tribes in eastern Virginia. They did not like the settlers as they were taking their land

Indentured servants

Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor typically 5-7 years. In search of a new life. Got freedom dues after service.

New England

Poor land, corn, wheat, rye, barley, included Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

Middle colonies

Wheat, barley, oats New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware

Southern Colony

Plantation area - cotton, tobacco, rice, indigo Maryland, Virginia, Carolina, Georgia

Head right system

the grant of 50-150 acres of land for each settler brought over to Virginia by a colonist

Halfway Covenant (1662)

the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the Puritans to become baptized members of the Puritan church.

Anne Hutchinson

American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views against the puritans (1591-1643). She also challenged male authority

City Upon a Hill

Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth

Freedom Dues

what the indentured servants got when they were freed; included some corn, clothes, and maybe some land

William Penn

Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718). Lead quakers. Was not in Pennsylvania often.

Bacon's Rebellion

held by virginia settlers, lasted a year 1676-77, lead by (BLANK) against william berkeley because the request to drive natives away was denied.

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Great Awakening

Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. 1730-1740

Johnathan Edwards

wrote and spoke many sermons that revived the religion. Some believe he started the religous awakening.

George Whitefield

Christian preacher whose tour of the English colonies attracted big crowds and sparked the First Great Awakening.