Advanced Clinical Mycobacteriology Virology Rotation Exam

Which of the following is a fluorescent stain for mycobacteria?

Auromine-rhodamine

Calcofluor white

Fluorescein isothiocyanate

Ziehl-Neelsen

Kinyon

Auromine-rhodamine

The heterogeneous class of proteins that possesses the biologic effect of being able to inhibit intracellular replication of viruses is called:

Intrinsic factor

Colicin

Interferon

Pyocin

Bacteriocin

Interferon

Which one of the following drugs is not considered as primary antimycobacteria therapy?

Rifampin

Streptomycin

Isoniazid

Ethionamide

Pyrazinamide

Ethionamide

One of the Herpesviridae, Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, is the causative agent of:

Infectious mononucleosis

Shingles

Fever blisters

Molluscum contagiosum

Dengue

Infectious mononucleosis

Steps involved in virus pathology include all of the following except:

Attachment

Penetration

Replication

Release

Mitosis

mitosis

Rotavirus is the most common etiologic agent of:

Acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in infants and young children

Chronic nonbacterial retinitis in children

Acute nonbacterial hemorrhagic fever in adults

Chronic nonbacterial pharyngitis in children and young adults

Acute nonbacterial encephalitis in adults

Acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis in infants and young children

RNA-dependent DNA polymerase is also called:

Gyrase

Neuraminidase

Reverse transcriptase

Transaminase

Peptidase

Reverse transcriptase

The "core window" refers to the time:

During Hepatitis B infection when anti-HBc IgM is the only serologic marker

During Hepatitis B infection when HBc is the only serologic marker

During Hepatitis A infection when HAc is the only serologic marker

During Hepatitis C infection when the virus is latent

During Hepatitis E infection when HEc is the only serologic marker

During hepatitis B infection when anti-HBc IgM is the only serologic marker

The identification of Mycobacterium malmoense and Mycobacterium szulgai has been aided by the use of thin-layer chromatography, which profiles their characteristic _______________ extracted from their cell walls.

Mucopolysaccharides

Teichoic acid

Lipids

Lipopolysaccharides

Peptidoglycans

lipids

Select from the mycobacteria listed below the one that has as its optimal growth temperature 30°-32°C:

M. ulcerans

M. bovis

M. xenopi

M. avium-intracellulare

M. kansasii

M. ulcerans

A patient presented with multiple cold sores in the mouth. Material from the mucocutaneous lesions was obtained by needle aspiration and directly inoculated to human embryonic fibroblasts (MRC-5 cells). After 1 day, the cytopathic effect (CPE) included foci of ballooned and lysed cells. These data suggest infection with:

Adenovirus

Epstein-Barr virus

Herpes simplex virus

Hepadnavirus

Cytomegalovirus

Herpes simplex virus

Which strain of mycobacteria can not be routinely used to test each batch of prepared or purchased lot of mycobacterial culture media?

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium kansasii

Mycobacterium avium complex

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium leprae

The disease of domestic fowl and wild birds that is caused by a paramyxovirus is:

Newcastle disease

Whitepox

Avian leukemia

Norwalk disease

Psittacosis

Newcastle disease

The highly fatal arenavirus first described and predominantly occurring in Africa is:

Yellow fever

Kyasanur fever

Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever

Marburg-Ebola hemorrhagic fever

Lassa fever

Lassa fever

According to the College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines, which services for mycobacteria would be performed by a Level II laboratory?

No procedures performed

Acid-fast staining, inoculation, and referral to a reference laboratory

Isolation and identification of M. tuberculosis; preliminary identification of other species

Definitive identification of all mycobacteria

Performance of drug susceptibility tests only

Acid-fast staining, inoculation, and referral to a reference laboratory

The method of choice for the presumptive diagnosis of an enterovirus infection with the exception of group A coxsackieviruses is:

Cell culture

Electron microscopy

Enzyme-linked immunoassay

Serologic screening

Viral neutralization

Cell culture

Which of the following drugs are first-line antibiotics used to treat classic tuberculosis?

Ampicillin, pencillin, and carbenicillin

Ampicillin, penicillin, and methicillin

Vancomycin, methicillin, and carbenicillin

Isonicotinic acid hydiazide (INH), rifampin, ethambutol

Cycloserine, ethionamide, and kanamycin

Isonicotinic acid hydiazide (INH), rifampin, ethambutol

The cultural isolation and identification of mycobacteria in the clinical laboratory is influenced by the generation time of these organisms, which is:

20 to 30 min

60 to 120 min

240 to 360 min

480 to 720 min

900 to 1320 min

900 to 1320 min

Which of the following may be associated with the rubella virus?

A DNA virus

The agent responsible for subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Able to produce defects in fetuses during the early stages of pregnancy

Transmitted by an arthropod vector

A member of the same taxonomic family as measles virus

Able to produce defects in fetuses during the early stages of pregnancy

A slow-growing, buff-colored, acid-fast bacillus was isolated from a cervical lymph node of a child with symptoms of cervical adenitis. The most likely etiologic agent in this case would be:

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium chelonei

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

The type of cell culture that best supports the growth of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is:

Human fibroblast cells

HeLa cells

Hep-2 cells

Primary monkey kidney cells (PMK)

Chicken embryo cells (CAM)

Human fibroblast cells

The chronic human degenerative disease of the central nervous system seen among New Guineans that is spread by ritualistic cannibalism is:

Reye's syndrome

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Kuru

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Kuru

Which of the following is not characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium?

Obligate aerobes

Slow growing

Transmission usually by the respiratory route

High peptidoglycan content in the cell wall

Resistant to adverse environmental factors

High peptidoglycan content in the cell wall

A primary agent of human intestinal tuberculosis in uncompromised hosts is:

M. gordonae

M. xenopi

M. bovis

M. fortuitum

M. ulcerans

M. bovis

The molecular receptor of the virus causing AIDS is:

CD4

CD8

Fc receptor

Complement receptor

CD14

CD4- T helpers

The highly toxic substance required for the niacin test is:

Benzidine

Sodium desoxycholate

Potassium iodide

Cyanogen bromide

Sodium taurocholate

Cyanogen bromide

The test of mycobacterial catalase differs from the catalase test used for Staphylococcus aureus by using a strong detergent solution with:

3% hydrogen peroxide

10% hydrogen peroxide

20% hydrogen peroxide

30% hydrogen peroxide

40% hydrogen peroxide

30% hydrogen peroxide

The poliovirus, and RNA virus, is an(a):

Coxsackievirus

Echovirus

Rhinovirus

Enterovirus

Aphthovirus

Enterovirus

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes rapidly fatal infections in:

Elderly patients

Diabetics

Neonates

Sickle cell patients

Sexually active women

neonates

Which one of the following tests would be appropriate in the diagnosis of a mycobacterial infection?

Anton test

Frei test

Nagler test

PPD test

Wasserman test

PPD test

The vast majority of all cases of transfusion associated hepatitis in the 1980s were attributed to:

Hepatitis A virus

Hepatitis B virus

Non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (Hepatitis C virus)

Hepatitis D virus

Hepatitis A and hepatitis B virus

Non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (Hepatitis C virus)

Which of the following viruses is predominantly associated with respiratory disease and the cause of epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis?

Bunyavirus

Arenavirus

Rotavirus

Adenovirus

Rhinovirus

Adenovirus

The viral disease shingles, which causes extreme tenderness along the dorsal nerve roots and a vesicular eruption, has the same etiologic agent as:

Variola

Vaccinia

Varicella

Rubeola

Dengue

Varicella

A nursing student working in the emergency room accidentally stuck herself with a needle after removing it from an intravenous set taken from a suspected drug user. The best course of action, after reporting the incident to her supervisor is to:

Immediately test the student for hepatitis B virus

Immediately test the patient and the student for HIV using an EIA or ELISA

Perform a Western blot assay on the student's serum

Draw blood from the student only and freeze it for further testing

Draw blood from the patient only and freeze it for further testing

Immediately test the patient and the student for HIV using an EIA or ELISA

The etiologic agents of many common colds are RNA viruses known as:

Orthomyxoviruses

Paramyxoviruses

Rhinoviruses

Togaviruses

Adenoviruses

Rhinoviruses

Proper specimen handling increases the success of virus isolation. When specimens cannot be processed directly, viruses are better recovered from samples held at 2°-6°C. Specimens that must be held for longer than several days should be promptly frozen to:

-20°C

-40°C

-50°C

-60°C

-70°C

-70°C

The mycobacterial isolate most closely associated with enteric infections in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome would be:

M. avium

M. kansasii

M. bovis

M. terrae

M. fortuitum

M. avium

The most common cause of aseptic meningitis is:

Fungi

Viruses

Protozoa

Bacteria

Leptospiras

Viruses

Herpes labialis is also know as:

Vincent's angina

Cold sore

Diaper rash

Thrush

Genital wart

Cold sore

The infectious agent of hepatitis B is presumed to be:

The Donovan body

The Dane particle

Schuffner's dots

The Delta agent

Koplick's spots

The Dane particle

Kaposi sarcoma is associated with infection by:

Adenovirus

CMV

Hepatitis E virus

Human herpes virus 8

HSV

Human herpes virus 8

An example of a latent viral infection in man is:

Influenza

Rubella

Varicella-zoster

Rotavirus

Delta virus

Varicella-zoster

The commonly used confirmatory test for HIV infection is the:

Enzyme immunosorbent assay

Northern blot

Lymulus amebiocyte lysate assay

Western blot

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Western blot

Opportunistic diseases that are closely associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include all of the following except:

Plasmodium sp

Cryptosporidium sp

Cytomegalovirus

Pneumocystis carinii

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

Plasmodium sp

The etiologic agent of Hansen's disease is:

Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

Mycobacterium fortuitum

Mycobacterium xenopi

Mycobacterium leprae

The species of Mycobacterium that would be most commonly associated with contamination of the hot water system in large institutions such as hospitals is:

M. xenopi

M. ulcerans

M. marinum

M. haemophilum

M. tuberculosis

M. xenopi

What is a rare but possibly serious complication following a smallpox vaccination?

Dengue

Polio

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Vaccinia

Reye's syndrome

vaccinia

The ability to grow on MacConkey agar is a characteristic of which species of mycobacteria?

M. marinum

M. tuberculosis

M. fortuitum

M. avium complex

M. bovis

M. fortuitum

Select the statement that is correct concerning the influenza viruses.

Pandemics are characteristically produced by influenza A

They are DNA viruses

The virus is transmitted by insect vectors

The incidence of infection peaks in the summer months

Humans are the only animal hosts for influenza viruses

Pandemics are characteristically produced by influenza A

Rapid methods for identifying classic infection with M. tuberculosis include:

Growth on 7H11 agar

Acid-fast smears

Susceptibility testing

Growth inhibition by T2H

Nucleic acid probes

Nucleic acid probes

The togavirus known to produce fetal defects is:

Varicella

Rotavirus

Rubella

Dengue

Influenza

Rubella

Mycobacterium fortuitum, a rapid-growing Mycobacterium, grows on MacConkey agar in 5 days. Which other species of Mycobacterium is able to demonstrate growth within the same time period on MacConkey agar?

M. chelonei

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis

M. kansasii

M. phlei

M. chelonei

Which one of the following mycobacteria is known as the radish bacillus because of its association with soil and vegetables?

M. gordonae

M. szulgai

M. xenopi

M. gastri

M. terrae

M. terrae

The genome of a virus may consist of:

Cytoplasm

DNA or RNA

Both DNA and RNA

Amino acids

Mitochondria

DNA or RNA

Kaposi's sarcoma and B cell lymphomas are highly associated with what infectious group of viral agents?

Reoviridae

Picornaviridae

Parvoviridae

Herpesviridae

Bunyaviridae

Herpesviridae

Which of the following mycobacteria appears as buff-colored colonies after several weeks on culture media and is niacin positive?

M. bovis

M. scrofulaceum

M. ulcerans

M. tuberculosis

M. szulgai

M. tuberculosis

Which of the following mycobacteria is able to reduce potassium tellurite to black metallic tellurium?

M. marinum

M. avium complex

M. tuberculosis

M. kansasii

M. bovis

M. avium complex

The etiologic agent of "swimming pool granuloma" is:

Mycobacterium marinum

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus pyogenes

mycobacterium marinum

Rhabdovirus is most noted for causing infections of the:

CNS

Urinary tract

GI tract

Lower respiratory tract

Upper respiratory tract

CNS

The appearance of Koplik spots in the oral mucosa of patients is characteristic of infection with what viral agent?

Rabies

Hepatitis

Yellow fever

Dengue

Measles

Measles

When clinical specimens are being processed for the recovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the generally recommended method for digestion and decontamination of the sample is:

Sodium hypochlorite

Trisodium phosphate

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

Potassium tellurite

Potassium hydroxide

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

The use of cell cultures has enabled microbiologists to isolate and identify many clinically important viruses. However, in some diseases the agents are best diagnosed by serologic testing; such an agent is:

Dengue

Cytomegalovirus

Adenovirus

Hepatitis A

Measles virus

Hepatitis A

Viruses have been successfully detected by the use of all of the following except:

Electron microscopy (EM)

Immunofluorescence

Growth on selective agar media

Cytopathic effect (CPE)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Growth on selective agar media

Routine bacteriologic and ova and parasite examinations were found to be negative on specimens taken from a baby who was admitted to the hospital for dehydration due to severe diarrhea. Which of the following additional tests would be most appropriate given the case history to date?

McCoy cell inoculation for Chlamydia

Urine microscopic analysis for presence of CMV cellular inclusion bodies

Heterophile antibody test

Rotavirus antigen assay

Weil-Felix test for rickettsial antigen detection

Rotavirus antigen assay

The tubular cells of the human kidney shed which of the following viruses for prolonged periods?

Epstein-Barr virus

Adenovirus

Rubella virus

Cytomegalovirus

Rhabdovirus

Cytomegalovirus

Which of the DNA viruses is the causative agent of molluscum contagiosum?

Herpesviruses

Poxviruses

Papovaviruses

Iridoviruses

Adenoviruses

Poxviruses

Mycobacteria can be examined by using the:

Dieterle stain

Gimenez stain

Albert stain

Kinyoun stain

Warthin-Starry stain

Kinyoun stain

The acidophilic inclusion bodies that are pathognomonic of rabies are:

Koplick bodies

Negri bodies

"Owl-eye" bodies

Donovan bodies

Schuffner bodies

Negri bodies

Which of the following mycobacteria produces an orange pigment and is most commonly recovered from water?

M. intracellulare

M. gordonae

M. asiaticum

M. kansasii

M. simiae

M. gordonae

Which of the following is a progressive neurologic disorder caused by an agent that had previously been termed a 'slow virus'?

Hepatitis

Chicken pox

Dengue

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Yellow fever

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

The finding of five to six acid-fast bacilli per field (x 800 to x 1000) in a smear of expectorated sputum should be reported as:

Negative for acid-fast bacilli (AFB)

Request another specimen (+ +)

Few AFB (2+)

Many AFB (3+)

Numerous AFB (4+)

Many AFB (3+)

Paired, acute, and convalescent blood samples are needed for diagnostic viral serology testing. The recommended intervals for collection are:
ACUTECONVALESCENT

13 to 15 days50 to 60 days

11 to 13 days40 to 50 days

9 to 11 days30 to 40 days

7 to 9 days20 to 30 days

5 to 7 days10 to 20 days

5 to 7 days10 to 20 days

Which of the following mycobacteria secretes niacin into the culture media as it grows?

M. marinum

M. kansasii

M. avium complex

M. tuberculosis

M. bovis

M. tuberculosis

Jaundice is a major clinical symptom of which of the following viral infections?

Infectious mononucleosis

Varicella

Hepatitis

Rabies

Colorado tick fever

Hepatitis

A pink color is produced in the Tween 80 test by which of the mycobacteria below?

M. scrofulaceum

M. xenopi

M. avium complex

M. bovis

M. kansasii

M. kansasii

Influenza A virus undergoes recombination events that produce new strains; this is referred to as:

Antigenic drift

Antigenic shift

Reactivation

Viral latency

Inactivation

Antigenic shift

Intranuclear inclusions were found in epithelial cells from the urine of an infant who was admitted with symptoms of low birth weight, jaundice, and neurologic defects. The most likely clinical diagnosis in this case would be:

Epstein-Barr virus infection

Rubella virus infection

Herpes simplex virus infection

Cytomegalovirus infection

Variola virus infection

Cytomegalovirus infection

Susceptibility to T2H or thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide is characteristic of which of the following mycobacteria?

M. bovis

M. kansasii

M. avium complex

M. tuberculosis

M. marinum

M. bovis

Warts are characteristically produced when humans are infected with a ______________ virus.

Papillomavirus

Flavivirus

Alphavirus

Bunyavirus

Morbillivirus

Papillomavirus