Human Physiology and Pathophysiology - Lymphatic and Immune Systems

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the lymphatic and immune systems, as discussed in the lecture.

Lymphatic System

A system that plays a crucial role in immune response, fluid balance, and waste removal.

Lymph

A colorless fluid containing white blood cells that circulates through the lymphatic system.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body tissues.

Lacteals

Lymphatic vessels in the lining of the small intestine that absorb dietary fats.

Chyle

Lymph that is rich in lipids, typically appearing white.

Lymph Nodes

Small, rounded structures that filter lymph and house immune cells.

Spleen

An organ that filters blood and helps in immune responses by recycling red blood cells.

Thymus

A gland located in the mediastinum, responsible for T-cell maturation.

Antigens

Substances that trigger an immune response and stimulate adaptive immunity.

Innate Immunity

The body's first line of defense against pathogens, characterized by nonspecific responses.

Adaptive Immunity

A specific immune response that improves upon repeated exposure to antigens.

Cytokines

Chemical messengers that facilitate communication between cells in the immune response.

Neutrophils

Type of white blood cell that is typically the first responder to sites of infection.

Natural Killer Cells

A type of lymphocyte that kills virally infected cells or cancer cells.

B Cells

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies to bind antigens.

T Cells

Lymphocytes involved in cell-mediated immunity, including helper and cytotoxic T cells.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by B cells that bind to specific antigens to help destroy pathogens.

Autoimmune Disease

Condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.

Lymphedema

Swelling due to the accumulation of lymph in tissues, often caused by obstruction.

Lymphadenitis

Inflammation of the lymph nodes, often due to infection.

Bubonic Plague

A historical infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, characterized by swollen lymph nodes.

Anaphylaxis

A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.