Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
joseph glidden
He invented barbed wire in 1874 which helped farmers fence in their lands on the lumber-scarce plains. |
farmers alliance
Taught about scientific farming methods, improving the economic conditions for farmers. |
Ocala platform |
The Ocala Platform demanded many things such as Treasury notes and silver to be used to increase the amount of money in circulation. However, the alliances stopped short of forming a political party. Many of the reform ideas presented would become part of the populist movement, which would shake the foundations in the elections of 1892 and 1896. |
turner’s frontier thesis
Argued that the Frontier helped shape the United States through an evolutionary process of constructing civilization. |
frederick jackson turner
Wrote “The Significance of the Frontier in American History,” also known as the Frontier Thesis, which continues to shape discussions about the nation's past. |
little big horn
Also called Custer's Last Stand, marked the most decisive Native American victory in the long Plains Indian War. The demise of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. |
ghost dance movement
The Government saw this movement as a threat. This led to the massacre of Wounded Knee in the Dakotas, which resulted in more than 200 American Indian men, women, and children’s deaths. |
assimilationists
They attempted to control and alter the customs and practices of Native Americans forcibly by setting up boarding schools, such as the Carlisle School in Pennsylvania. They did this to segregate American Indian children from their people and teach them White culture and farming and industrial skills. |
helen hunt jackson
Wrote a century of dishonor (1881) to improve treatment of Native Americans by the United States government |
Dawes act of 1887
The act was designed to break up tribal organizations and create divisions among native americans. |
Indian reorganization act
Promoted the reestablishment of tribal organization and culture
santa fe trail
This trail opened up the Spanish-speaking southwest to economic development and settlement. It was a vital link until a railroad was completed in 1880. |
yosemite
California state park in 1864 (it became a national park in 1890) |
yellowstone
First national park in 1872 |
conservationists
Believed in scientific management and regulated use of natural resources |
john muir
Credited with both the creation of the national park system and the establishment of the sierra club |
sierra club
Aimed to preserve natural areas from human interference |
george Washington carver
promoted growing other crops besides cotton such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans. His work helped diversify Southern agriculture. |
Tuskegee institute
The institute provided higher education for African Americans. it allowed newly freed slaves to be taken seriously and be given jobs. |
white supremacy
It is an ongoing issue that causes people of color to be treated inhumanely. |
Civil rights cases of 1883
The Court ruled that racial discrimination practiced by citizens and businesses could not be banned by Congress. |
Plessy v Ferguson
The court’s decision supported the Jim Crow Laws. |
Jim crow laws/Discriminatory policies
Jim Crow Laws: Segregation caused restrictions for African americans. They were mistreated by business owners, citizens, and the government.
Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes and Grandfather Clauses: Tests and poll taxes prevented uneducated and unemployed minorites to be able to vote. These, as well as grandfather clauses. took away a part of their freedom.
lynch mob: Lynch mobs caused the deaths of over 1,400 black men in the late 1800s.
Economic Discrimination: African Americans were restricted from being trained for the work force, preventing them from making money.
Ida B Wells
She campaigned against Jim Crow Laws and lynching. She was forced to move North to continue her writing due to death threats. |
Booker T Washington
His institute allowed African Americans to learn skill trades. He believed Black Americans should focus on their work instead of challenging segregation. He organized the National Negro Business League to support African American owned businesses. |
Atlanta compromise
The Atlanta compromise was important because Washington is a very influential civil rights activist and helped inspire many african americans to work hard. |
W.E.B. DuBois
He called the black community to protest and encouraged them to demand immediate equality. |
transatlantic cable
This allowed for faster and more efficient communication over longer distances. |
Alexander Graham Bell
The development of the telephone changed not only communication between two people but changed the way business was conducted which boosted the American economy heavily. |
Eastman’s Kodak Camera
The Eastman’s Kodak camera allowed a new way of freezing moments in time forever. |
Henry Bessemer
Henry Bessemer created the Bessemer converter that turned iron to steel; revolutionizing the steel industry. |
Thomas Edison
He developed many devices that used electricity which greatly influenced the world.
Menlo Park
Thomas Edison used this laboratory to create inventions that use electricity such as light bulbs.
George Westinghouse
He invented the Air brake for railroads and the transformers for power lines. These inventions made transportation in cities easier because the train was better and the transformer led to the creation of the electric street car.
Brooklyn Bridge
This bridge made it possible To commute from residential areas to the city center.
R H Macy
He was important because he introduced large department stores to New York.
Sears, Roebuck & Co
These companies used the railroads to ship products to customers at their homes.
Gustavus Swift
This was important because it introduced a consumer economy to America.
American Railroad Association
They are important because they are the ones who decided to split the country into 4 separate time zones. Railroad time eventually was adopted as the standard time for Americans.
Cornelius Vanderbilt
He increased the efficiency of trains by merging local railroads into New York.
Jay Gould
This forced railroads to give their best shippers discounts while charging outlandish prices to smaller shipping companies.
JP Morgan
Eliminated competition, stabilizing rates and reduced debts, making the railroad system more efficient
Andrew Carnegie
Worked his way up from poverty to become the superintendent of a Pennsylvania railroad
United States Steel
The largest enterprise in the world, and controlling more than three-fifths of the nations steel business
John D Rockefeller
He founded a company that would quickly eliminate its competition and take control of most of the nation oil refineries
monopoly
This is what the standard oil trust had become
standard oil
Controlled 90 percent of the oil refinery business
Trust
Standard oil became a trust in which one board of trustees managed a combination of once-competing oil companies
horizontal integration
The type of integration that Rockefeller and the oil industry took
vertical integration
This type of integration highly improved profit within companies
Holding company
The holding company was created to have an overall advisor over all the branch owned industries to increase profit and efficiency
Laissez-faire
This was a way to make the government steer away from being involved in the economy to improve business and society
social darwinism
This was applied to the marketplace which was believed that money should be in the hand of the fit. This gives an example of the social classes become more distinct. This bolstered the views of economic conservatives
William Graham Sumner
Taught social darwinism to his students in sociology explaining that helping the poor threw off the laws of nature and weakened evolution
protestant work ethic
Made wealthy business owners and workers that god gave them their riches
Horatio Alger
His novels portrayed a young man of modest means who became wealthy through hard work. In reality upward mobility did exist but it was an unusual method called rags to riches
Railroad Strike of 1877
A national strike that spread through multiple counties that numbered in 500000+ workers, was shut down by federal troops, wages were improved to help workers with grievances
National labor union
Fought for higher wages, better working hours, as well as equal rights for women and African Americans.
knights of labor
Originally starting up as a secret organization it later went public and fought for many reforms like better work hours, abolition of child labor, trusts, and monopolies, as well as settling labor disputes
haymarket bombing
A bomb was thrown killing 7 police officers. Set back the labor movement and resulted in the loss of popularity of the Knights of Labor because the movement was seen as violent and radical
AFL
Like other organizations, they fought for higher wages and improved working conditions. Largest labor organization with one million members
Samuel Gompers
Negotiated new contracts by organizing collective strikes. Although not seeing success initially, a major success was later obtained.
Homestead Strike
Caused the death of 16 individuals as well as setting back the union movement in the steel industry.
Pullman Strike
Stopped railroads from running and acted as a turning point for American labor, improving working conditions for future Americans.
Eugene V Debs
Directed the boycott for pullman’s cars stopping railroad transportation across the country. One of the founders of the American socialist party.
Chinese Exclusion Act
This banned all immigration from China; the restorations were not fully listed until 1965. Restrictions also came in on the immigration of “undesirable” persons, such as paupers,criminals,convicts, and mentally incompetent people. This led to the opening of the immigration center Ellis island in New York harbor.
Tenement Apartments
New York city tried to correct these unlivable conditions by passing a law in 1879 that required each bedroom to have a window. It didn’t do much. The overcrowding and filth in new tenements continued to promote the spread of deadly diseases, such as cholera, typhoid, and tuberculosis.
Streetcar Suburbs
The exodus of higher-income residents left older sections of the city to the working poor, many of whom were immigrants. The residential areas of the cities and suburbs both reflected and contributed to the class, race,ethnic, and cultural divisions in American society.
American protective association
This was caused by nativist feeling alarmed that immigrants wouldn’t only take their jobs but also weaken their culture of the Anglo majority. Often, nativists were Protestants who were openly prejudiced against Roman Catholics.
Ellis Island
This made it necessary for new arrivals to pass more rigorous medical examinations and pay a tax before entering the United States. During a severe depression in the 1890s nativist sentiment increased, as some jobless workers and employers used foreign-born residents as a convenient scapegoat for economical problems.
Tammany Hall
This led to political machines after bringing modern services to the city, including a crude form of welfare for urban newcomers. They would help find jobs and apartments for recently arrived immigrants and would show up at poor family’s doors with baskets of food during hard times. They were greedy but also generous which benefited the lower class.
Jane Addams
Therese settlement house helped immigrants begin to thrive. The settlement houses taught English to immigrants, pioneered early -childhood education, taught industrial arts, and established neighborhood theaters and music schools. By 1910, there were more than 400 settlement houses in America's largest cities
Gospel of Wealth
Practicing what he preached, Carnegie distributed more than 350 million dollars of his fortune to fund libraries, universities, concert halls, and other public institutions. Critics would attack his philosophy saying it was paternalistic and based on bogus racial science of his times.
Clarence Darrow
Darrow's view challenged the traditional belief that people were born as criminals or consciously chose to become lawbreakers. These changes in the professions, along with universities, would provide a boost to progressive legislation and liberal reform in the 20th century.
Joseph Pulitzer
He established the St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the New York World profitable papers
William Randolph Hearst
He started one of the first print-media companies to enter radio broadcasting and was an early pioneer of television.
Ladies Home Journal
The magazine promoted women’s influence, not only as wives, mothers and consumers but also as individuals and citizens. It was very influential during WWII in effort to keep the morale up in homes starting with the women.
Wild West Show
The show encouraged a view of events in that part of the country that was romantic and militaristic
Buffalo Bill
Buffalo bill or “buffalo killer of the great plains” hunted buffalo to feed workers on the union pacific railroad.
John Phillips Sousa
His music became an inspiration to more songs created for the U.S. Military. He revolutionized military march music.
Interstate Commerce Act 1887
showed that Congress could apply the Commerce Clause more expansively to national issues if they involved commerce across state lines. After 1887, the national economy grew much more integrated, making almost all commerce interstate and international.
Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
prohibits conspiracies that unreasonably restrain trade. Under the Sherman Act, agreements among competitors to fix prices or wages, rig bids, or allocate customers, workers, or markets, are criminal violations
Pendleton Act 1881
Trumped over the following selection from the former system, the spoils system.
Panic of 1837
Jackson’s opposition to the rechartering of the bank of the United states was one of many causes of the panic. This advocated for the little federal involvement in the economy.
Omaha Platform
Called for a graduated income tax, direct election of senators, a shorter workweek, and many more. Appealed for people in the south, rocky mountains, and the great plains.
James Garfield
He opposed confederate secession, and was a major general in the union army throughout the civil War. He was also elected to congress in 1862.
Grover Cleveland
Led the bourbon democrats, a pro-business opposing high tariffs, free silver, inflation, and more. His Strive for political reform made him an icon for American conservatives.
William Jennings Bryan
He emerged as a dominant force in democratic party, running in three different presidential elections for the United states.
Gold Bugs
This party believed that the national economy of the United States should be based on the gold standard to ensure the dollar’s stability.
William Mckinley
Presided over the victory in the Spanish-American war of 1898, gained control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines in Cuba. He also prospered after the Deep Depression of the panic of 1893.