1933 - 1939; Nazi control and dictatorship

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

30th January 1933

When did Hitler call an election for?

5th March 1933

When did Hitler become Chancellor?

30th January 1933

When did Hitler call an election for?

5th March 1933

What happened a week before the election date Hitler set? What date was this?

Reichstag set on fire- 27th February 1933

What did the Reichstag fire allow Hitler to do?

To pass on Emergency Decree which suspended the Weimar constitution.
Election success - He could ban the communist party, which had 81 seats

How many communists were arrested on the night of the Reichstag fire?

4,000

Who was blamed for the Reichstag fire?

Van der Lubbe (Communist)

What was the Enabling Act of March 1933?

Transferred full power to the Chancellor and government, ending parliamentary procedure.
New laws would be proposed by the chancellor, Hitler

What was Gleichschaltung?

the coordination of all institutions under Nazi control

Where was the first concentration camp and when was it set up?

Dachau, March 1933

When was the night of the long knives?

30th June 1934

Why did Hitler purge the SA (night of the long knives)?

He felt threatened by Rohm, there were 3 million SA members loyal to him

Which key individual was killed on the night of the long knives?

Ernst Rohm - head of the SA

When did President Hindenburg die? What did Hitler do following his death?

2nd August 1934 - Hitler declared himself Fruher

What percentage of people voted for Hitler to become Fruher?

90% - they were bombarded with propaganda

What were the 3 parts of the police state?

SS, SD, Gestapo

How many people were in the SS in 1925, then in the 1930s?

1925 - 240
1930s - over 240,000

How many people did the Gestapo arrest in 1939 alone?

160,000 people

Who were sent to concentration camps?

- undesirable (homosexuals, prostitutes)
- minorities
- political opponents

What did judges have to be a part of?

the Nationalist socialist league for the maintenance of the law

What was the people's court?

Heard all cases of treason

Who was Roland Freisler?

Judge in the peoples court, became famous for bullying defendants, 90% of his defendants got the death penalty

What did the Penal code, 1935, state?

wrong may be committed in Germany even in cases where there is no law against what is being done

What was the Concordat, when was it signed?

An agreement with the Pope that Catholics would have freedom of worship and catholic schools would be left out of Nazi interference. Signed July 1933.

What was the Reich Church, when was it set up?

Formed up of pro-Nazi protestant Churches. Lead by Ludwig Muller.

Who set up the PEL, when, what was it?

Martin Niemoller set up the pastors emergency league in 1933

by the end of 1934 how many newspapers had been shut down?

1,600

What happened to Radio stations?

They were all put under Nazi control and cheap, mass-produced radios were sold.

What did Goebbels encourage students to do in May 1933?

burn books by Jews and communists, 20,000 burned

What happened at the 1936 Berlin Olympics?

Everything was made to impress the outside world and anti Jewish posters were removed.
USA athlete Jesse Owens broke two Olympic records and disproved Hitler's claim that the aryan race was superior

What was the chamber of culture?

The organization of cultural activities, to ensure all creatives were in check with Nazi ideals

How many writers were officially banned?

2,500

Who were the Edelweiss Pirates, when did they emerge?

Teenagers who resented military discipline and the lack of freedom in Nazi Germany. Copied American styles of clothing.
Emerged in the late 1930s

Who were the Swing Young?

Teens, mainly from middle-class backgrounds. They played illegally imported music from the US and organized illegal dances

Up to how many people attended the swing youngs illegal dances?

6,000