AP world chapter 12 + some ch 13 vocab

Cold War

A period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States, along with their respective allies, that lasted roughly from 1947 to the 1990s

European economic community (EEC)

Established in 1957, it’s members reduced their tarifs and developed common trade policies. Later renamed the

Marshall plan

The United States intervention in Europe to prevent another depression, undermine growing appeal for communist parties, and humanitarian concern

Mao Zedong

Leader of Chinese communist party

Chinese communist party

Communist party came to power during the Chinese revolution of 1949

Collectivation of agriculture

Large scale farms. In China these fsrms were peaceful. Not very peaceful in USSR

Great leap forward

In the mid 1950s Mao decided that Soviet communism was leading to new inequalities. This plan focused on widespread technical education for all rather than relying on a small elite. People were moved to “people communes” , private property was abolished, and all services were provided in the communes (education and health care)

Cultural revolution

Campaign launched by Mao to combat capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party

Red guards

People, mostly young, who set out to rid China of those who were “taking the capitalist road”

NATO

North American treaty organization. Created in 1949, brought US and various western European countries together to defend themselves against the threat of the Soviet Union

Warsaw pact

Made in 1955. Joined the Soviet Union and eastern European communist countries to counter the weight of NATO and prevent western influence in the communist bloc

Proxy wars

Violent spread of communism in Asia

Korean war

A North Korean invasion of South Korea in 1950 led to both Chinese and American involvement in a 3 year conflict (1950-1953)

Mujahideen

Afghan troops against communism that fought the soviets with help from America

Fidel Castro

Leader of the communist regime in Cuba that emerged by the early 1960s

Nikita khrushchev

Soviet leader that rose to power after Stalins death in 1953

Cuban missle crisis

Nuclear missiles were secretly transported by Soviet Union to Cuba. US and Soviets made a truce that if soviets didn’t use the muscles then US wouldn’t inlaid comm

Nonalighnment

Ex: Indonesia recived lots of Soviet aid bit then destroyed the Indonesian communist party. Egypt used sovietbfunds to build a dam but then expelled Soviet advisers and became more closely aligned with the US

Decolonization

A dramatic change in the world’s political architecture as nation-states triumphed over empires in Asia and Africa

United Nations

An international organization created in 1945 to help keep peace globally

Indian national congress

indias independence movement found expression in this. WRITE A BETTER DEFINITION

Mohandas Gandhi

Primary leader of Indias independence movement. He rejected industrialization as a goal for India

Muslim league

League that argued that parts of India with a majority of its population being Muslim should get their own nation. They were successful and the country of Pakistan was created

Muhammad Ali jinnahi

Leader of the Muslim league

Sukarno

Indonesia's primary nationalist leader

Arab spring

In 2011 many Arab countries- Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, Yemen- challenged the hold of corrupt and autocratic rulers, while proclaiming their commitment to democracy and honest government.

Vladimir Putin

Authoritarian leader of Russia

Recep Erdogan

Authoritarian leader of turkey

Mikhail Gorbachev

Soviet leader under which the USSR fell and the communist Era came to an end

Deng xiaoping

Leader of China in 1978 following mao's death. Under his rule collectivation of agriculture stopped and China opened itself to the world economy

Peretroika

Garbachev's economic program that allowed for private property, small-scale private businesses, and some foreign investment

Glasnost

Gorbachev's political and cultural policy that allowed for more cultural and intellectual freedom

Lech walesa

Political activist in Poland who created the first trade union in a Warsaw pact country not under the control of the communist party

Pope John Paul II

Pope that supporter Lech Walesa and the solidarity labor union

Xi jinping

Authoritarian ruler of China

Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Conflict between Isreal and Palestine that neighboring countries - turkey, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt - as well as distant powers - US and Russia - have been drawn into

Iranian revolution

In 1979, overthrew more than 2000 year old Persian monarchy and replaced it with a theocratic republic

Ayutallah Khomeini

Shia dictator of Iran

Taliban, Al-Queda, Boko haram, Islamic state (ISIS)

Radical Islamic terrorist groups

Syrian civil war

Beginning in 2011, it generated over 12 million refugees by 2016

Big Bang Theory

Widely accepted modern theory about how the universe started

Economic globalization

With decolonization many places made it their goal to industrialize ans have economic development

Asian tigers

The newly industrialized countries of South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong kong

Bretton woods system

Rules for commercial financial dealings among major capitalist countries, promoting relatively free trade, stable currency values linked to the US dollar, and high levels of capital investment

Ronald Reagan

President of the US in the 1980s

Transnational corporations

Huge global business ex: Toyota

World trade organization (WTO)

An international body that represents 164 nations and seeks to negotiate the rules of global commerce and prom