A&P Bones Practical

Ramus

arm-like bar of bone

Fissure

Narrow, slitlike opening

Meatus

canal-like passageway

Line

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Tuberocity

large rounded projection

facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Condyle

rounded articular projection

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Groove

furrow

Notch

indentation at the edge of a structure

Tubercle

Small rounded projection or process

Sinus

Cavity within a bone, filled with air

Process

any bony prominence

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Fossa

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone

Forehead bone

Frontal

Cheeckbone

zygomatic

Lower jaw

mandible

Bridge of the nose

nasal

posterior part of hard palate

palatines

much of the lateral and superior cranium

parietal

Most posterior part of the cranium

occipital

single, irregular, bat-shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor

sphenoid

tiny bones bearing tear ducts

lacrimal

anterior part of hard palate

maxilla

Superior and middle nasal conches formed from its projections

Ethmoid

Site of the mastoid process

temporal

Site of sells turcica

sphenoid

site of cribriform plate

ethmoid

Site of mental foramen

mandible

site of styloid process

temporal

4 bones containing paranasal sinuses

ethmoid, frontal, maxilla, sphenoid

its condyles articulate with the atlas

occipital

foramen magnum contained here

occipital

Middle ear found here

temporal

nasal septum

vomer

Bears an upward protrusion, the "cock's comb," or crista galli

ethmoid

What are sinuses?

air pockets in the bones of the skull

What purpose do sinuses provide for the skull

Lighten the skull and serve as resonance chambers for speech

Why are sinuses so susceptible to infection?

Their mucosa is continuous with that of the nasal passages into which they drain.

Structure that encloses the nerve cord

vertebral arch

Weight-bearing portion of the vertebra

body

Provides levers for the muscles to pull against

transverse process to spinous process

provides an articulation point for the ribs

transverse process

openings providing exit of spinal nerves

intervertebral foramina

Type of vertebrate containing formula in the transverse processes through which the vertebral arteries ascend to the brain

Cervical vertebra, Atlas, Axis

Its dena provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical

Axis

Transverse process have facets for articulation with ribs; spinous processes point sharply downwards

Thorastic vertebra

composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally

Sacrum

massive vertebrae; weight-sustaining

lumbar vertebra

tailbone; vestigal fused vertebrae

coccyx

supports the head; allows the rocking motion of the occipital condyles

atlas

seven components; unfused

cervical vertebra

twelve components; unfused

thoracic vertebra

I'm describing abnormal curvatures, it could be said that __1__ is an exaggerated thoracic curvature, and in__2__,the vertebral column is displaced laterally. Intervertebral discs are made of __3__ tissue. The discs provide __4__ to the spinal column

Kyphosis, scoliosis, fibrocartilage, movement

Raised area on the lateral surface of humorous to which the deltoid muscle attaches

deltoid tuberosity

Arm bone

humerus

bones composing the shoulder girdle

clavicle and scapula

Forearm bones

radius and ulna

point where scapula and clavicle connect

acromion

shoulder girdle bone that has no attachment to the axial skeleton

scapula

Shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum

clavicle

socket in the scapula for the arm bone

glenoid cavity

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

coracoid process

commonly called the collarbone

clavicle

distal medial process of the humerus; joins the ulna

trochlea

medial bone of the forearm in anatomical position

ulna

rounded knob on the humerus that articulates with the radius

capitulum

anterior depression; superior to the trochlea; receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

coronoid fossa

forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint

ulna

bones that articulate with the clavicle

scapula and sternum

Bones of the wrist

carpals

Bones of the fingers

phalanges

Heads of these bones form the kuckles

Metacarpals

The organs protected by the thoracic cage include the __1__ and the __2__. Ribs 1 through 7 are called __3__ ribs, whereas ribs 8 through 12 are called __4__ ribs. Ribs 11 and 12 are also called __5__ ribs. All ribs articulate posteriorly with the __6__ and most connect anteriorly to the __7__ either directly or indirectly. The general shape of the thoracic cage is __8__.

Lungs, heart, true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, inverted cone

Is formed by the articulation of the hip bones and the sacrum

Pelvic girdle

Bones present in both the hands and feet are

Phalanges

The tough fibrous connective tissue covering of a bone is the

periosteum

The point of fusion of the three bones forming the coxal bone is the

acetabulum

The large nerve that must be avoided when giving injections into the buttock muscles is the

sciatic nerve

The long bones of the fetus are constructed of

hyaline cartilage

Bones that provide the most protection to the abdominal viscera are the \___________

Ribs

The largest Foramen in the skull is the

foramen magnum

fuse to form the coxal bone

ilium, ischium, pubis

Recives the weight of the body when sitting

Ishial tuberosity

point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

pubic symphysis

upper margin of iliac bones

iliac crest

deep socket in the hip bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

acetabulum

point where the axial skeleton attaches to the pelvic girdle

sacroiliac joint

longest bone in the body; articulates with the coxal bone

femur

lateral bone of the leg

fibula

medial bone of the leg

tibia

bones forming the knee joint

femur, patella, tibia

point where the patellar ligament attaches

tibial tuberosity

Kneecap

patella

Shinbone

tibia