Radioactivity

Radio activity q and A

What defines radioactive material?

Material that emits alpha, beta, or gamma particles.

What is radiation?

Alpha, beta, or gamma radiation emitted from an unstable nucleus.

How does ionising radiation affect atoms?

It can turn atoms into ions by removing or adding electrons.

What is radioactive decay?

A random and spontaneous process where unstable nuclei emit radiation.

What is background radiation?

Low-level radiation always present in the environment from various sources.

What are some sources of background radiation?

Cosmic rays, hospitals, radioactive waste, fallout, Carbon 14, rocks, soil, Radon gas, and food.

What is half-life in the context of radioactivity?

The time it takes for radioactive nuclei to decay and become stable.

What is one use of radioactivity in medicine?

Sterilizing food and medical equipment using gamma radiation.

What safety measure is used to detect exposure to ionising radiation?

Film worn outside clothing that turns black when exposed to radiation.

How can exposure to radiation be minimized?

Use lead-lined aprons, stand behind lead walls, increase distance, minimize exposure time, use robots, handle with tongs, and wear gloves/lab coats.

What happens to the film when exposed to different types of radiation?

Alpha turns the top third black, beta the top two thirds, and gamma all three thirds.