chapters 24-25 us history

D-Day

D-Day

The largest land-sea-air operation in army history where American troops attacked German bases in France.

VE-Day

May 8th, 1945 which marked the end of the war in Europe- stands for Victory in Europe Day.

Genocide

Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group

Atomic Bomb

a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission

Manhattan Project

code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II

Appeasement

A policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.

Non-aggression pact

Agreement between Germany and the USSR not to fight each other. They also agreed to divide Poland

Adolf Hitler

Austrian born Dictator of Germany, implement Fascism and caused WWII and Holocoust.

Roosevelt and WWII

Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the U.S. economy to support the war effort and implemented a Europe first strategy, initiating the Lend-Lease program and making the defeat of Germany first a priority over that of Japan.

Lend-lease act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Battle of Britain

An aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance.

Battle of the Atlantic

Germany's naval attempt to cut off British supply ships by using u-boats. Caused Britain and the US to officially join the war after their ships were sunk. After this battle, the Allies won control of the seas, allowing them to control supply transfer, which ultimately determined the war. 1939-1945

Women's Army Auxiliary Corps (WAAC)

The women's branch of the U.S. Army established during World War II to employ women in noncombatant jobs. Women now participated in the armed services in ways that went beyond their traditional roles as nurses.

Steps toward WWII

Treaty of Versailles (1919): The Treaty of Versailles officially ended World War I, This left Germany economically and politically weakened, laying the groundwork for future conflicts.

Rise of Totalitarian Regimes: Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler, and Fascist Italy under Benito Mussolini.

Expansionism and Imperialism: Japan, Italy, and Germany pursued aggressive expansionist policies, seeking to acquire territories and resources to fuel their economies and ideologies

Appeasement: This policy aimed to avoid conflict by giving in to the demands of aggressors. However, it ultimately emboldened Hitler and Mussolini, leading to further aggression.

Munich Agreement: In an attempt to avoid war, Britain and France allowed Germany to annex Czechoslovakia

Invasion of Poland: The invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany which marked the beginning of World War II

Causes of WWII

same thing as the other one???

President Truman

US President who agreed to assist France rather than Vietnam because they were allies in previous wars

US commander in Europe

Dwight D. Eisenhower

GI Bill of Rights

a name given to the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, a 1944 law that provided financial and educational benefits for World War II veterans

internment camps

Detention centers where more than 100,000 Japanese Americans were relocated during World War II by order of the President.

The Battle of the Bulge

After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile "bulge" into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.

Nisei

American-born children of Japanese immigrants; second generation Japanese Americans.

US and neutrality

Woodrow Wilson attempted to find a diplomatic solution to the war, and to keep the US neutral. The US did trade with allied forces, until unrestricted submarine warfare

Atlantic Charter

The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration for war aims that Churchill and Roosevelt agreed on. The United States and the United Kingdom leaders determined collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas.

Axis Powers

The Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan. They made a pact where they signed a mutual defence treaty.

Allied Powers

The allies were the nations that were against the Axis Powers in WW2, made up around the Atlantic Charter.

American families and WWII

Mobilization and Deployment, Women in the Workforce, Rationing and Sacrifice, War Bond Drives and Support, Fear and Anxiety, Loss and Grief

Reasons the US joined the war

Attack on Pearl Harbor, Lend-Lease Act, Defense of Democracy and Allied Nations, Atlantic Charter, Economic Interests

US economy during WWII

War Production, Industrial Expansion, Employment, Rationing and Price Controls, Taxation and Financing, Role of Women and Minorities

Nuremberg Trials

A series of court proceedings held in Nuremberg, Germany, after World War II, in which Nazi leaders were tried for aggression, violations of the rules of war, and crimes against humanity.

US reaction to the Holocaust

War Priorities: During the war, the primary focus of the United States was on winning the conflict. Military strategies and resources were directed towards defeating the Axis powers, and other concerns, including the plight of European Jews, were often secondary.

Refugee Policy: The U.S. had restrictive immigration policies before and during the war, which limited the number of refugees, including Jewish refugees, allowed entry into the country. The Immigration Act of 1924 imposed quotas that favored immigrants from Western Europe and severely restricted immigration from Eastern Europe, where many Jews were fleeing persecution.

Rescue Efforts: Despite these restrictions, there were some efforts to rescue Jews from Nazi-occupied Europe. The U.S. government established the War Refugee Board in 1944, which worked with European governments, relief organizations, and other partners to facilitate rescue and relief operations. However, these efforts were relatively limited and came late in the war.

Winston Churchill

The leader of Great Britain who was the political rival of Neville Chamberlain. He believed that by signing the Munich Agreement, others had adopted a policy of appeasement.

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II.

Effects of WWII on women and minorities

Increased Workforce Participation, Economic Independence, Social Changes, Challenges and Discrimination,
Minorities:
Employment Opportunities, Migration and Urbanization, Military Service, Civil Rights Movement