AP PSYCH: Unit 5: Mental & Physical Health, 5.5c-5.5d

Meta-Analysis

Statistical technique that combines results from multiple studies to determine overall effectiveness.

Evidence-Based Practice

Clinical decision-making that integrates best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient needs.

Therapeutic Alliance

Trusting and collaborative relationship between therapist and client.

Clinical Psychologist

Professional who diagnoses and treats mental disorders using therapy but does not prescribe medication.

Counseling Psychologist

Professional who helps individuals cope with everyday life challenges and emotional issues.

Psychiatrist

Medical doctor who can diagnose mental disorders and prescribe medication.

Nonmaleficence

Ethical principle requiring psychologists to do no harm.

Fidelity

Maintaining trust, responsibility, and professional relationships with clients.

Integrity

Promoting honesty and accuracy in psychological practice.

Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity

Respecting individuals’ autonomy, privacy, and cultural differences.

Psychotropic Medication

Drugs that affect mood, thinking, or behavior.

Antipsychotic Drugs

Medications used to treat psychotic disorders by reducing symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.

Conventional Antipsychotics

First-generation antipsychotics that primarily block dopamine receptors.

Atypical Antipsychotics

Second-generation antipsychotics that affect dopamine and serotonin with fewer motor side effects.

Antianxiety Drugs (Anxiolytics)

Medications used to reduce symptoms of anxiety.

Benzodiazepines

Class of antianxiety drugs that depress central nervous system activity.

Antidepressants (MAOIs)

Drugs that block monoamine oxidase to increase neurotransmitter levels.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

Older antidepressants that increase norepinephrine and serotonin levels.

SSRIs

Antidepressants that selectively increase serotonin levels in the brain.

SNRIs

Antidepressants that increase both serotonin and norepinephrine levels.

Tardive Dyskinesia

Involuntary movements resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic drugs.

Lithium

Mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder.

Psychosurgery

Surgical alteration or destruction of brain tissue to treat psychological disorders.

Lesioning

Destruction of specific brain tissue to reduce symptoms of severe disorders.

TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)

Noninvasive procedure using magnetic pulses to stimulate specific brain areas.

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Procedure that induces seizures to treat severe depression.

Lobotomy

Outdated psychosurgical procedure that severed connections in the frontal lobes.

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

Surgical implantation of electrodes to stimulate targeted brain regions.

Hypnosis

Altered state of consciousness characterized by focused attention and increased suggestibility.