6-2 and 6-3: Metallic and Covalent Bonds Along with Naming

metals with a ____ charge have higher ___ and ____

charge, melting point, boiling point

metals are very ____

malleable

hydrogen can have a maximum of ____ valence electrons

2

electronegativity greater than ___ means the bond is ____

2.0, ionic

(val1) < electronegativity difference < (val2) means the bond is __

0.4, 2.0, polar covalent

electronegativity difference ≤ __ means the bond is _

0.4, nonpolar covalent

covalent bonds make what kind of structure?

molecules

in a covalent bonds, atoms ___ electrons

share

what do the orbitals do in a covalent bond? (one word)

overlap

can orbitals mix in covalent bonding?

yes

do noble gases have electronegativity?

no

what 3 elements are exceptions to the octet rule?

hydrogen, boron, and sulfur

hydrogen needs _ electrons to be stable

2

boron may only have ___ valence electrons

6

(element 1) and (element 2) may have ___ or ___ valence electrons

sulfur, phosphorus, 10, 12

what kind of covalent bond is the strongest ?

triple covalent bond

what is electronegativity?

ability of atoms to attract electrons

2 electron pairs makes what shape?

linear

what is a lone pair?

unpaired electrons

3 electron pairs and 0 lone pairs makes what shape?

trigonal planar

3 electron pairs and 1 lone pair makes what shape?

bent

4 electron pairs and 0 lone pairs make what shape?

tetrahedral

4 electron pairs and 1 lone pair makes what shape?

pyramidal

4 electron pairs and 2 lone pairs make what shape?

bent

what is angle between bonds in linear shape?

180

what is angle between bonds in trigonal planar shape?

120

what is angle between bonds in bent shape? (approximate)

109.5

what is angle between bonds in tetrahedral shape? (approximate)

109.5

what is angle between bonds in pyramidal shape?

107

what is the definition of a molecule?

neutral group of atoms held by one or more covalent bonds

do molecules have charge?

no

when drawing arrows to represent charges, arrows point towards the ____ charged particle

negatively

when naming molecular compounds, which element is named first?

the more metallic element

if the acid’s polyatomic ion ends in -ide, what is the form?

hydro___ic acid

if the acid’s polyatomic ion ends in -ate, what is the form?

___ic acid

if the acid’s polyatomic ion ends in -ite, what is the form?

___ous acid